Email this article 
Na+/K+ Ratio in Blood Serum as a Criterion of Human Functional State
- Authors: Natochin Y.V.1
-
Affiliations:
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry of RAS
- Issue: Vol 50, No 4 (2024)
- Pages: 137-143
- Section: Articles
- URL: https://journal-vniispk.ru/0131-1646/article/view/268076
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.31857/S0131164624040111
- EDN: https://elibrary.ru/BSPNVM
- ID: 268076
Cite item
Open Access
Access granted
Abstract
The article discusses the physiological significance of the Na+/K+ ratio in blood serum as a criterion of a person’s functional state. Normally, in an adult, the ratio is 32.2 ± 0.5, it increases in a healthy person under the influence of extreme factors (space flight (cosmonauts, astronauts), long-term strict bedrest, etc.), with Covid-19 disease, and some orphan diseases in children. The issue of Na+/K+ in blood serum is being discussed, but not between the K+-rich cell and the Na+-dominated extracellular environment. The Na+/K+ ratio in blood serum is considered as an important parameter of a person’s physiological state and, depending on the numerical value, as an indicator of the functional state from normal to overload, severe complications to the prognosis of death.
Full Text
About the authors
Yu. V. Natochin
Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry of RAS
Author for correspondence.
Email: natochin1@mail.ru
Russian Federation, St. Petersburg
References
- Tietz N.W. Clinical Guide to Laboratory Tests. Philadelphia: Saunders Company, 1995. 1096 p.
- Marina A.S., Natochin Yu.V. [Blood and urine analysis in clinical diagnostics // Manuel of Pediatrician]. St. Petersburg: SpetsLit, 2016. 159 p.
- Guyton A.C., Hall J.E. Textbook of Medical physiology. Philadelphia: Elsevier Inc., Saunders, 2006. 1152 p.
- Barcroft J. Features in the architecture of Physiological function. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1934. 359 p.
- Orbeli L.A. [Physiology of the kidneys / Selected works]. Moscow-Leningrad: USSR Academy of Sciences, 1966. V. 4. P. 85.
- Natochin Yu.V. [Homeostasis] // Advances in Physiological Sciences. 2017. V. 48. № 4. P. 3.
- Natochin Yu.V., Ryabov S.I., Kayukov I.G. et al. Parameters of water-salt homeostasis and their variability // Human Physiology. 1980. V. 6. № 4. P. 647.
- Natochin Yu.V., Kuznetsova A.A., Nistarova A.V. [The blood serum Na+/K+ ratio in orphan diseases] // Pathol. Physiol. Exp. Ther. 2021. V. 65. № 3. P. 34.
- Natochin Yu.V., Chernyshev O.B. [Electrolyte concentration in blood serum as prognostic of severe course COVID-19] // Nephrology. 2022. V. 26. № 1. P. 27.
- [Fundamental and medical physiology: A textbook for students of higher educational institutions: in 3 volumes] / Ed. Kamkin A.G. Moscow: De’Libri, 2020. V. 3. 456 p.
- Cannon W.B. Organization for physiological homeostasis // Physiol. Rev. 1929. V. 9. № 3. P. 399.
- Fijorek K., Püsküllüoğlu M., Tomaszewska D. et al. Serum potassium, sodium and calcium levels in healthy individuals – literature review and data analysis // Folia Med. Cracov. 2014. V. 54. № 1. P. 53.
- Natochin Ya.V., Golosova D.V., Kayukov I.G. Blood serum potassium and sodium concentration constants: search for regulatory factors // Human Physiology. 2018. V. 44. № 4. P. 418.
- Grigoriev A.I., Kozyrevskaya G.I., Natochin Yu.V. et al. [Metabolic and endocrine processes / Space flights on Soyuz spacecraft. Biomedical research]. Moscow: Nauka, 1976. P. 266.
- Leach Huntoon C.S., Grigoriev A.I., Natochin Yu.V. San Diego: American Astronautical Society Diego, 1998. 219 p.
- Balbotkina E.V., Ballyuzek M.F., Volovnikova V.A. et al. [Ion-regulating and water-excreting functions of the kidneys in type 2 diabetes mellitus] // Diabetes Mellitus. 2016. V. 19. № 1. P. 64.
- Orbeli L.A. [Main tasks and methods of evolutionary physiology // Selected works]. Moscow-Leningrad: USSR Academy of Sciences, 1961. V. 1. P. 59.
- Natochin Yu.V., Chernigovskaya T.V. Evolutionary physiology: history, principles // Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 1997. V. 118. № 1. P. 63.
- Natochin Y.V. Evolutionary Physiology // J. Evol. Biochem. Physiol. 2017. V. 53. № 2. P. 156.
- Park S., Baek S.H., Lee S.W. et al. Elevated baseline potassium level within reference range is associated with worse clinical outcomes in hospitalised patients // Sci. Rep. 2017. V. 7. № 1. P. 2402.
Supplementary files
Supplementary Files
Action
1.
JATS XML
2.
Fig. 1. Dynamics of the Na+/K+ ratio in subjects in an experiment with prolonged bed rest (6 months). The abscissa axis shows the duration of the experiment in days. The ordinate axis shows the Na+/K+ ratio in the blood serum. The square is the initial value (light circles), the black line is bed rest, the transition to a normal motor regime is a double line. Arrow 1 is the beginning, arrow 2 is the end of bed rest [14].
Download (287KB)
3.
Fig. 2. The Na+/K+ ratio in the blood serum of cosmonauts who completed a flight lasting from 18 to 241 days. Vertical axis – Na+/K+ ratio in the blood serum. Horizontal axis – flight duration. Legend: before the flight – black, after the flight – shading. The number of examined cosmonauts is in brackets: 18–30 (n = 8); 63–96 (n = 4); 140–175 (n = 18); 211–214 (n = 6). Reliability of differences after the flight to the data before the flight, * – p < 0.05, NS – not reliable [14].
Download (270KB)
4.
Fig. 3. Na+/K+ ratio in the blood serum of American astronauts (n = 196) [15]. Vertical axis – Na+/K+ ratio in the blood serum. Horizontal axis – before and after the flight. Legend: before the flight – black, after the flight – shading. Reliability of differences after the flight to the data before the flight, ***– p < 0.001.
Download (103KB)
