Cardiorespiratory Coordination during Physical Exercise Depends on the Zone of its Intensity in Young Athletes

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Abstract

Assessment of cardiorespiratory coordination (CRC) during incremental cycling test have shown sensitivity to a human physical condition. However, the functional state of the body varies depending on the intensity of physical exercise and adaptability to stress, at the same time the CRC may also change. Among cyclical sports, swimming is distinguished by the increased respiratory muscles work in the water and a special breathing pattern synchronized with the limbs movements. This type of breathing can change the CRC. The purpose of this research was to study the dynamics of cardio–respiratory coordination over four states (rest, aerobic phase of the incremental cycling up to the ventilatory threshold (VT), isocapnic buffering zone from VT to the respiratory compensation point (RCP), and 25 Watts active recovery) in swimmers and skiers. The study involved 17 swimmers and 17 skiers aged 13–16, who have adult sports category and at least 3 years of sports experience. Participants performed incremental cycling up to a pulse corresponding to 85% Karvonen intensity. CRC was evaluated by the principal component (PC) analysis based on time series of heart rate, respiratory and gas exchange parameters averaged over 10 seconds for each participant. The percentage of the total variance of the initial cardio–respiratory parameters, explained by the coordination variable PC1, was considered to be the value of the CRC. The dynamics of cardio–respiratory coordination in swimmers and skiers depends on the intensity zone (F(3.90) = 51.8; p = 0.000) and does not depend on the sports type (F(1.30) = 1.71; p = 0.20), sex (F(1.30) = 0.01; p = 0.94), or the interaction of factors (for all interactions F(3.90) < 0.9 p > 0.44). The minimal coordination between HR, VE, FeO2, and FeCO2 was found at rest (55%), and the maximum was found at the aerobic (up to VT) stage of incremental cycling (80%, p < 0.001 compared with rest). Further, the CRC decreased at the stage from VT to RCP (74%) due to uncorrelated with other variables FeCO2 (p < 0.01), and at the stage of active recovery (72%) – due to FeO2 (p < 0.01). Thus, the CRC depends on the zone of the exercise intensity. Adaptation to swimming and sex do not affect the amount of CRC at different intensity zones of the exercise.

About the authors

V. V Gultyaeva

Scientific Research Institute of Neurosciences and Medicine

Email: gultyaevavv@neuronm.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-9981-2452
PhD in Biology, Leading Researcher Novosibirsk, Russian Federation

D. Yu Uryumtsev

Scientific Research Institute of Neurosciences and Medicine

Email: uryumcevdy@neuronm.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-6434-8220
PhD in Medicine, Scientific Researcher Novosibirsk, Russian Federation

M. I Zinchenko

Scientific Research Institute of Neurosciences and Medicine

Email: zinchenkomi@neuronm.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-3107-0493
PhD in Medicine, Scientific Researcher Novosibirsk, Russian Federation

S. G Krivoschekov

Scientific Research Institute of Neurosciences and Medicine

Email: krivoschokovsg@neuromn.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-2306-829X
Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor, Chief Scientific Officer Novosibirsk, Russian Federation

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