No 80 (2021)

The intention is to present medical and statistical indicators and dynamics of mental morbidity among officers of the Armed Forces of the Republic of Belarus in 2003–2020. We studied reports on the health status of the personnel and the activities of the medical service according to 3 / MED Form of military units, in which about 80 % of the total number of officers of the Armed Forces of the Republic of Belarus served in 2003–2020. We correlated the officers' mental morbidity with groups (blocks) of mental disorders and behavioral disorders presented in Chapter 5 of the International Classification of Diseases and Behavioral Disorders, the 10th revision (ICD-10). We calculated the generally accepted medical and statistical indicators of the mental morbidity per 10 thousand officers. The results were checked for the normal distribution. Arithmetic means and errors of the mean values (M - m) are presented. Indicators was studied over time using the analysis of time series and the calculation of the second order polynomial trends. Average annual level of general morbidity of officers with mental disorders in 2003–2020 amounted to (58.95 - 5.44) per 10 thousand officers, the share of mental disorders in the structure of the overall morbidity for all ICD-10 chapters was 0.43 %; primary morbidity (24.66 - 2.36) and 0.35 %, respectively; hospital admissions (13.89 - 1.50) and 0.1%, respectively; work days lost (315.9 - 47.1) and 0.7 %, respectively; dismissal (2.33 - 0.38) and 4.7 %, respectively. Polynomial trends in the levels of the above generalized types of morbidity showed a decrease with high coefficients of determination. Shares of mental disorders also decrease in morbidity structures for all ICD-10 chapters. As expected, in the structure of the military-epidemiological significance of diseases for officers, neurotic, stress-related and somatoform disorders (61.1 %; ICD-10 Chapter 5) ranked 1 st ; unspecified mental disorders (8.4 %; Chapter 11) ranked 2 nd ; personality and behavioral disorders in adulthood (6.6 %; Chapter 7) ranked 3 rd ; schizophrenia, schizotypal and delusional disorders (5.6 %; Chapter 3) ranked 4 th ; mood (affective) disorders (4.5 %; Chapter 4) ranked 5 th . In total, these groups accounted for 91.2 % of the morbidity structure. Focusing on the prevention, early detection and treatment of mental disorders will improve officers' mental health and occupational performance.

The article describes the results of a study of self-assessment of students’ mental and functional state during the period of self-isolation and distance learning. The role of social characteristics influencing the quality of adaptation to changed living conditions has been analyzed. 199 students from different universities of the Russian Federation were interviewed, they were divided into groups depending on social factors. To study the mental and functional state there was used a standardized methodology and a questionnaire designed to identify various social factors. For statistical processing of the data the Student’s t-test was used. The results of the study revealed that the conditions of self-isolation as unusual living conditions for most people are a significant factor that disrupts mental adaptation. These disorders are manifested by changes in the mental and functional state recorded in self-assessments. Among the psychogenic factors of the conditions of self-isolation which have a significant impact on the quality of adaptation one should point out such as gender, age, level of material well-being (external factors) as well as the nature of the microsocial environment.

In order to study the relationship between personal characteristics and professional stress among representatives of the acting profession, 29 male and female actors aged from 22 to 40 years old, who received a higher acting education, were examined. The comparison group consisted of 27 representatives of other specialties aged 21 to 46 years. The assessment of the personal characteristics of representatives of the acting profession and other specialties was carried out using specialized methods aimed at assessing the level of professional stress, reactions to social frustration, life-meaning orientations, coping strategies and psychological defenses. It was found that for representatives of the acting profession with a high level of professional stress, low involvement in activities and dissatisfaction with selfrealization, the presence of aggressive tendencies, the predominance of non-adaptive psychological defenses and copping strategies, as well as the severity of paranoid, impulsive, borderline and alarming pathocharacterological traits come to the fore. In general, representatives of the acting profession, in comparison with representatives of other professions, are distinguished by the severity of pathocharacterological features, the predominance of coping associated with increased confrontation and avoidance of problem situations, as well as a tendency towards introspection and reflection. The age specificity of overcoming problem situations and the presence of aggressive tendencies was revealed. The younger representatives of the acting profession were distinguished by low aggressiveness, the predominance of adaptive psychological defenses, greater responsibility, a tendency towards introspection and reflection, while in problem situations they demonstrated confrontational behavior and evasion from problem solving. The gender specificity of the formation of professional stress and preferences for coping strategies is also highlighted. It was found that women more often needed social support in a stressful situation and avoided solving problems, and their level of physical aggression was significantly lower. It was found that representatives of the acting profession - women are more at risk of forming professional stress than men.

The article is devoted to the new drama-oriented program of psychological correction of patients with schizophrenia who are on compulsory treatment developed by the authors. The structure of the program is presented, the results of the study of its effectiveness are presented. The results of the study showed that the program proposed by the author forms the motivation of patients for prolonged drug and psychotherapeutic treatment, reduces emotional tension, aggressiveness, helps to adapt to society, realize the vital needs of patients and their families.

The article presents the results of studying the characteristics of coping behavior and professional burnout in young people who have undergone COVID-19 infection. We examined 183 convalescents who had had COVID-19 infection 6-8 months ago. The main clinical forms of COVID-19 in this study were inapparent form (79 people – 43.17 %), acute respiratory viral infection (67 people – 36.61 %), pneumonia without respiratory failure (37 people – 20.22 %). Diagnostics of all clinical cases of COVID-19, examination, treatment and discharge of patients from the hospital were carried out in accordance with regulatory documents. The study showed a high constructiveness of coping strategies for various clinical forms of COVID-19 infections in men and women. It was found that the main coping models in both groups are entering into social contact, seeking social support, cautious actions, assertive actions presented in a different hierarchical sequence for different clinical forms of COVID-19 infection. In the course of studying the indicators of professional burnout in men and women who have undergone COVID-19 infection, attention was drawn to the high level of depersonalization in all clinical forms of the disease. This can affect the preservation of the health of the convalescent and such people, according to indications, need careful medical and psychological support.