Prediction of Perspective Areas for Gold Mineralization Type Using the Data Set of Remote Sensing Satellite Harmonized Landsat Sentinel-2 on the Territory of the Northern End of the Eastern Slope of the Polar Urals

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Abstract

For the first time, an approach was applied to the processing of Earth remote sensing data for the territory of the northern end of the eastern slope of the Polar Urals. An approach is based the integration of maps of the distribution of hydrothermal alterations and the lineament density scheme, created on the basis of the results of statistical processing of remote sensing data and the digital elevation model Aster GDEM (Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer Global Digital Elevation Model). The work was carried out with the aim of identifying morphological features and patterns, features of the deep structure and identifying areas promising for the gold type of mineralization in the study area. As a result of the study, two new perspective areas were delineated and new predictive and prospecting features of gold mineralization were identified within the study area: (1) areas promising for the gold ore type of mineralization should be sought along transregional fault zones that intersect favorable horizons and structures and control ore mineralization, and along the periphery of a large (97 by 76 km) bowl-shaped heterogenic-plutonic structure of the 1st order of complex structure and long-term development, developed above intracrustal magma chambers; (2) morphostructure should be complicated by ring and arc structures of the 2nd and lower order, as well as discontinuous faults of NW and NE directions with a length of more than 10 km, or weakened zones along which the introduction of intrusive bodies is recorded, genetically related to mineralization; (3) potentially ore-bearing volcanic structures should exhibit metasomatic halos of a significant area (more than 30 km2) with increased indices of ferric iron oxides (hematite) and iron oxides and hydroxides (limonite) and, to a lesser extent, hydroxyl-(Al-OH, Mg -OH), carbonate-containing minerals and oxides and oxides of ferrous iron.

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About the authors

J. N. Ivanova

Institute of Geology of Ore Deposits, Petrography, Mineralogy and Geochemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences; Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia

Author for correspondence.
Email: jnivanova@yandex.ru
Russian Federation, Moscow; Moscow

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2. Fig. 1. Tectonic scheme of the Ural folded belt (according to Gosudarstvennaya..., 2007): 1 – Late Cambrian and Paleozoic formations of the West Ural structural megazone; 2 - Mesozoic–Cenozoic cover of the West Siberian Plate; 3-8 - East Ural megazone (Shchuchinskaya zone is localized above 66°30’ E and Voikarskaya - below 66°20’ E): 3 – Ordovician metamorphosed hyperbasites and gabbroids; 4 – Ordovician-Devonian volcanic and volcanogenic-sedimentary formations; 5 – Middle-Late Ordovician gabbroids and plagiogranitoids of the Hoypei complex; 6 – Early-Middle Devonian diorites and granitoids of the Yunyaga and Soba complexes; 7 – Early-Middle Devonian gabbroids, diorites and monzodiorites of the Kongor complex; 8 – Middle-Late Devonian granitoids of the Jurmenek and Yanoslor complexes; 9 – boundaries of the studied territory; 10 – GUR; 11 – main rivers and lakes; 12 – cities. The figures show: 1-5 – Rai-Iz massifs (1), Sium-Keu (2), Maslovsky (3), Yunyaginsky (4), Khorostosky (5), Sobsky uplift (6), Yanganape Ridge (7).

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3. Fig. 2. Simplified geological map of the studied territory according to (Zyleva et al., 2014): 1-2 – reliable discontinuous faults: 1 – sharyazh, 2 – thrust and uplift (a), ore-controlling (b), 3 – suspected discontinuous faults: thrusts, uplift, thrusts and subductions, 4-28 – formations, strata and complexes: 4 – combined Khanmeikho and Laptayugan formations containing amphibolites with garnets, progneisses, rarely gneisses, lenses of marbles, ferruginous quartzites and gondites; 5 – the Miniseishor formation, including metabasalts, carbonaceous-sericite-quartzite-phyllite, chlorite-sericite-albite–quartz shales, interlayers of metapeschanics and meta–aleurolites; 6 – the Vaskeus complex with stocks and dikes of metagabrodolerites; 7 - the Parikvashor formation with crystal shales, shales and plagiogneisses; 8 - Harbey -Soba complex with diorites and quartz diorites; 9 – the Syadatayakhinsky complex with granites and montzogranites, granite dikes; 10 – the Yevyugansky complex with metagranites and meta–alaskites; 11 - the Khartmanyushorsky complex with serpentinite dikes; 12 – combined Miniseyskaya and Khoydyshorskaya formations with conglomerates, sandstones, gravelites, siltstones and quartzites; 13 – combined Orangskaya, Usinskaya and Malopaipudynskaya formations, including phyllites, carbonaceous quartz shales, siltstones, conglomerates, gravelites, interlayers and lenses of siltstones, sandstones, marbled and silty limestones, tholeiitic basalts; 14th Khanteiskaya formation with marbled limestones, shales, and siltstones; 15 – combined Sium-Keusky and Rayizko-Voykarsky complexes with dunites, lherzolites, and harzburgites; 16 – the Slyudyanogorsk complex with metaultramafites; 17 – the Malokhadatinsky complex, including verlites, dunites, clinopyroxenites and websterites; 18 – the Malyk complex with metagabbro, apogabbro amphibolites; 19 – the Kharampeysko-Maslovsky complex, containing gabbro and gabbronorites; 20 – combined Yanganapei and carbonate strata with basalts, andesibasalts, dacites, rhyodacites, plagioriolites and their tuffs, interlayers, and lenses of sandstones, gravelites, limestones, and conglomerates; 21 – combined siliceous-limestone and limestone strata, including layered limestones, conglomerates, breccias and bauxite lenses; 22-23 – the first and second phases of the Yunyaginsky complex with gabbro, diorites and granodiorites; 24 – combined Yeneor and Talbey strata with sandstones, siltstones, mudstones, conglomerates, gravelites, interlayers and lenses of limestones, radiolarites, lavas of trachybasalts, lenses of ash tuffites; 25 – combined carbonate-sandstone, carbonate and terrigenous-limestone strata with calcareous sandstones, mudstones, siltstones, conglomerates, gravelites, limestones, single lenses of marls and ash tuffites, 26 – combined Yany-Manyinskaya and Tolinskaya formations with sands, gravels, pebbles, conglomerates and layers of brown coal; 27 – combined teuntoishaya and the Laborovskaya formation with variegated sands, siltstones and conglomerates; 28 – the combined Severososvinsk and Yarong formations, including sands, sandstones, siltstones with layers of siltstone and carbonaceous clays and layers of brown coal; 29-30 – various extra-scale bodies of dikes of basic (29) and acid (30) composition, which are associated with manifestations of Mo, Au, As and Cu mineralization; 31 – zone of beresitization; 32-38 – deposits (a), ore occurrences and mineralization points (b): 32 – Mo, 33 – Fe, 34 – Au, Au–Fe, 35 – Cu, 36 – Pb–Zn, 37 – As–Mo–Au, 38– Ti. Note: the number 1 indicates the Yunyaginskoye field (for an explanation, see in the text).

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4. Fig. 3. Maps of TILT transformants of the anomalous magnetic field (a) and gravity field (b) (according to Litvinov and Kudryavtsev, 2011): 1 – ring and arc structures identified by the TILT transformant of gravitational field anomalies, 2 – disturbance lines of geophysical anomalies presumably associated with deep faults (discontinuous faults 1st order), 3 – lines of correlation disturbance, presumably related to discontinuous violations of the 2nd order (discontinuous violations with a length of more than 10 km were detected). Note: the color scale of the values is given in conventional units from -1.75 to 1.75, where red corresponds to the minimum values, and blue to the maximum (a), red to the maximum values, and blue to the minimum (b).

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5. Fig. 4. Internal structure of the Shchuchinsk synclinorium in the local component of the magnetic field (according to Kalmykov and Trusov, 2015): 1 – Khanmei-Sibiley fault zone, 2 – GUR, 3-4 – faults: main (3), secondary (4), 5-6 – contours of intrusive massifs: sium-keusky (5), Kharampeysko-Maslovsky (6). The numbers show the intrusive arrays: 1 – Sium-Keu, 2 – Maslovsky, 3 – Khorostosky.

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6. Fig. 5. DEM and the lineaments allocated according to it for the research area: 1 – lineaments.

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7. Fig. 6. Morphostructural map of the study area obtained from the data of the HLS-2 spacecraft and DEM (a) spacecraft and the HLS-2 spacecraft in natural colors (RGB 4-3-2) with superimposed structures taken from the scheme of preliminary complex interpretation of geophysical materials by (Kalmykov and Trusov, 2015) and from the map of the magnetic field anomaly of the Paleozoic complexes of the Shchuchinsk synclinorium according to (Litvinov and Kudryavtsev, 2011) (b): 1-3 – radial and arc-shaped, annular lineaments obtained from the HLS-2 and CMR (3) spacecraft, 4-8 – structures isolated from geophysical data: 4 – GUR, 5 – annular and arc anomalies of the gravitational field (AGP) identified by the TILT transformant, 6 – Hanmei-Sibiley fault zone; 7 – lines of correlation disturbance of geophysical anomalies presumably associated with deep faults (discontinuous disturbances of the 1st order); 8 – lines of correlation disturbance presumably associated with discontinuous disturbances of the 2nd order, lineaments with a length of more than 10 km are shown on the map; 9 is a paleovolcanic apparatus of the central type (morphostructure of the 1st order), 10 are arc structures of the 2nd order; 11-17 correspond to Fig. 2, 18-19 – dikes of basic (19) and acidic (b) composition. The rose diagram is compiled for the lineaments selected manually by the HLS-2 spacecraft and DEM (b).

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8. Fig. 7. Schemes of development of associations of secondary minerals for the studied area, obtained as a result of the treatment of CS with HLS-2: a – hydroxyl-(Al-OH, Mg-OH) and carbonate-containing, b – oxides of trivalent iron (hematite), c – oxides and hydroxides of iron (limonite), g – ferric oxides (magnetite). The concentrations of the indicator groups of hydrothermal changes are shown by colored dots: the minimum is yellow, the average is orange and the maximum is red, the lines indicate the contours of the maximum concentrations (thickening points) of secondary changes.

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9. Fig. 8. Combined scheme of development of associations of secondary minerals for the studied area as a result of the processing of CS by remote sensing spacecraft HLS-2. 1 – oxides and hydroxides of iron (limonite), 2 – hydroxyl(Al-OH, Mg-OH) and carbonate-containing minerals, 3 – oxides of divalent iron (magnetite), 4 – oxides of trivalent iron (hematite).

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10. Fig. 9. The density scheme is based on manually selected lineaments for the studied and adjacent territory with prospective areas of the gold ore type of mineralization: 1-9 correspond to Fig. 2; 10-15 – secondary changes: 10 – hydroxyl-(Al-OH, Mg-OH) and carbonate-containing, 11 – ferric oxides (hematite), 12 – oxides and hydroxides of iron (limonite), 13 – oxides of ferrous iron (magnetite), 14-15 – boundaries: 14 – areas, highlighted according to the materials of the CC CADZ HLS-2 (numbers I-II on the map – see explanations in the text), 15 – the studied territory. The scale shows the zones with the maximum (red) and minimum (blue) lineament densities.

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11. Fig. 10. The scheme of development of hydrothermal-metasomatic rocks for the studied area, obtained from the materials of the HLS-2 remote sensing spacecraft and placed on a simplified geological map, according to (Zyleva et al., 2014): 1-38 – correspond to Fig. 2; 39-42 – secondary changes correspond to Fig. 8; 43 – area boundaries, highlighted based on the materials of the HLS-2 remote sensing spacecraft (numbers I–II on the map – see explanations in the text).

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12. Fig. 11. The diagram of the forecast of the PI and productivity of ore regions and nodes for sheet Q-42 according to (Litvinov and Kudryavtsev, 2011) is simplified: 1 – high productivity, a large deposit of the PI complex profiling for the node (or area) has been established (or is predicted), 2 – average – the average has been established (or is predicted). the profile field for the node (or area), 3 – the boundaries of the areas allocated based on the materials of the Remote sensing spacecraft HLS-2. The letters show the type of raw materials and the category of resources: a – Pb (P3 – 125 thousand tons), Zn (P3 – 12.5 thousand tons), Cu (P3 – 32.5 thousand tons), b – Au (P3 – 20 tons), c – Cr (P3 – 5.5 million tons t), g – Au (P3 – 22 tons), d – Cr (P3 – 10 million tons), e – Au (P3 – 25 tons, P2 – 78 tons, P1 – 38.5 tons), Fe (P3 – 23.6 thousand tons, P2 – 70 thousand tons, P1 – 18 thousand tons), w – Fe (P3 – 140 thousand tons), Au (P3 – 60 tons).

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