Biomedicine and Anthropological Perspectives of Modernity

The first decades of the 21st century is characterized by a unique anthropological situation. The achievements of science in the field of biology and medicine create the opportunity to qualitatively transform the human body. Relevant biomedical technologies are being intensively introduced into practice. This means that along with classical medicine, a new social institution, biomedicine, is actively functioning. This institution exerts its influence beyond the previously established medical criteria and standards. In the absence of adequate regulation, such activity threatens to eliminate the human appearance that has developed in evolution, up to the formation of new humanoid species. The reality of this perspective is evidenced by the phenomenon of transhumanism. Neither biomedicine itself, nor bioethics, nor modern philosophy have the potential to counteract this trend. To get out of this difficulty, it is necessary to use the evidence potential of medicine, which combines a philosophical approach to a person with a scientific and medical one. In this case, it creates an opportunity to evaluate further anthropological perspectives in a new way. They are like that. The specificity of the current historical moment is determined by the formation of two alternative options for the further evolution of culture, nature and man. The first option involves using the potential of biomedicine for the complete technological reduction of a person and turning him into a human robot. The second option involves purposefully preserving the image of a person through conscious counteraction to destructive effects from the technical sphere. There is currently no full-fledged conceptualization of the second option. The title is a specific sample available. This is the "unified science of man" which K. Marx predicted at an early stage of his work. The level of knowledge about a person in modern medicine makes it possible to explicate those criteria and parameters that preserve the morphological immutability of a person. The synthesis of Marx's model and the latest medical knowledge opens the way to the formation of a new type of anthropological science that will be able to preserve the established image of a person in the process of further development.