Influence of perinatal factors on neonatal outcomes in Rh(D)-mediated hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn treated with intrauterine transfusion
- Authors: Uretskaya E.V.1, Lenyushkina A.A.1, Krogh-Jensen O.A.1,2, Tetruashvili N.K.1, Kostyukov K.V.1, Uvarenkova P.A.1, Zubkov V.V.1,2, Degtyarev D.N.1,2
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Affiliations:
- Academician V.I. Kulakov National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University)
- Issue: No 9 (2024)
- Pages: 116-130
- Section: Original Articles
- URL: https://journal-vniispk.ru/0300-9092/article/view/269337
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.18565/aig.2024.164
- ID: 269337
Cite item
Abstract
Background: In recent decades, intrauterine transfusion (IUT) of donor red blood cells has become a key medical technology to prevent HDFN's adverse outcomes. However, the factors affecting neonatal outcomes in HDFN patients need further research.
Objective: To explore neonatal outcomes amongst patients with Rh(D)-mediated HDFN treated with IUTs and evaluate the effect of perinatal factors on neonatal morbidity and mortality.
Materials and methods: A single-center 16‐year cohort study included all neonates (n=132) treated with IUTs for Rh(D)-mediated HDFN at the Academician V.I. Kulakov National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology from January 2008 to December 2023. Most mothers were transferred from remote country regions with low anti-D Rh immunization coverage. Primary neonatal outcomes were death and potentially disabling brain injury (PVL/IVH grade III/perinatal stroke). The main perinatal factors were the presence and severity of hydrops fetalis, number of IUTs, gestational age (GA) at 1st IUT, and dynamics of pre-IUT fetal hemoglobin (Hb).
Results: Median GA at birth was 34 weeks (IQR 32–34.4). The median number of IUTs was 2 (IQR 1–3). Hydrops fetalis reversed in 30 out of 53 patients. Lethal outcomes were observed in 8/132 neonates (6%). The need for exchange transfusion was 62/132 (47%). No cases of bilirubin encephalopathy were registered. Hydrops fetalis was associated with higher risk of death (RR=10.2; 95% CI: 1.3–82.4) and brain injury (RR=8.9; 95% CI: 2.1–38.4). Most cases (12/14) of severe brain injury developed antenatally. Among neonates with ≥2 IUTs (n=95), the absence of increment in pre-IUT fetal Hb was associated with postnatal signs of hydrops (OR=111; 95% CI: 3.6–1268), lethal outcome (OR=67.7; 95% CI: 3.6–1268), and severe brain injury (OR=19.6; 95% CI: 4.6–84).
Conclusion: Hydrops fetalis continues to be a leading perinatal factor negatively influencing neonatal survival and neurologic outcomes. The absence of positive dynamics of pre-IUT fetal Hb reflects a significantly higher risk of hydrops, severe perinatal brain injury, and lethal outcomes.
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##article.viewOnOriginalSite##About the authors
Evgenia V. Uretskaya
Academician V.I. Kulakov National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation
Author for correspondence.
Email: evuretskaya@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-8961-3000
Anesthesiologist-Intensivist, Researcher at the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit No. 2 of the Institute of Neonatology and Pediatrics
Russian Federation, MoscowAnna A. Lenyushkina
Academician V.I. Kulakov National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation
Email: a-lenushkina@yandex.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-8929-2991
PhD, Head of the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit No. 2, Associate Professor at the Neonatology Department of the Institute of Neonatology and Pediatrics
Russian Federation, MoscowOlga A. Krogh-Jensen
Academician V.I. Kulakov National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation; I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University)
Email: olgaborisevich@gmail.com
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-5178-5659
PhD, Neonatologist at the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit No. 2 of the Institute of Neonatology and Pediatrics; Associate Professor at the Neonatal Department of the Institute of Children's Health
Russian Federation, Moscow; MoscowNana K. Tetruashvili
Academician V.I. Kulakov National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation
Email: n_tetruashvili@oparina4.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-9201-2281
PhD, Нead of the Obstetric Department of Pregnancy Pathology No. 2
Russian Federation, MoscowKirill V. Kostyukov
Academician V.I. Kulakov National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation
Email: kostyukov_k@yahoo.com
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-3094-4013
Dr. Med. Sci., Head of the Department of the Ultrasound and Functional Diagnosis
Russian Federation, MoscowPolina A. Uvarenkova
Academician V.I. Kulakov National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation
Email: uvarenkova1997polina@yandex.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-6699-7315
Neonatologist at the Neonatal Patology Unit No. 2 of the the Institute of Neonatology and Pediatrics
Russian Federation, MoscowViktor V. Zubkov
Academician V.I. Kulakov National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation; I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University)
Email: v_zubkov@oparina4.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-8366-5208
Dr. Med. Sci., Director of the Institute of Neonatology and Pediatrics; Professor, Department of Neonatology of the N.F. Filatov Clinical Institute of Children's Health
Russian Federation, Moscow; MoscowDmitriy N. Degtyarev
Academician V.I. Kulakov National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation; I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University)
Email: d_degtiarev@oparina4.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-8975-2425
Dr. Med. Sci., Professor, Deputy Director for Research; Head of the Department of Neonatology
Russian Federation, Moscow; MoscowReferences
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