Регуляция функций стволовых клеток при помощи циклического аденозинмонофосфата (цАМФ): механизмы и перспективы

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Аннотация

Непрерывное обновление тканей организма является залогом сохранения постоянства их функции в течение жизни человека. Необратимое угасание процессов обновления тканей со временем лежит в основе развития возраст-ассоциированных заболеваний и определяет процесс старения. Кроме того, с нарушением тканевого обновления связано развитие социально значимых заболеваний, таких как метаболический синдром, сахарный диабет 2 типа, остеопороз и многие другие. Определяющую роль в процессе обновления тканей и их адаптации к изменяющимся условиям играют постнатальные стволовые клетки. При этом в течение жизни происходит поддержание постоянного баланса между скоростью процессов клеточного роста и гибели. Нарушение этого баланса может вести как к развитию дегенеративных процессов, так и к развитию онкологических заболеваний. Поэтому активность стволовых клеток находится под строгим контролем со стороны нервной и эндокринной систем организма. В то же время, несмотря на широкий спектр гормонов и нейромедиаторов, действующих на стволовые клетки, спектр внутриклеточных сигналов, обеспечивающих проведение информации, крайне ограничен. Универсальные системы вторичных мессенджеров формируют уникальные клеточные ответы на различные стимулы, используя специализированные системы регуляции и модуляции сигнала. Одним из вторичных мессенджеров, обеспечивающих передачу внутриклеточных сигналов, является циклический аденозинмонофосфат (цАМФ), синтезируемый аденилатциклазой. Этот сигнальный путь включает в себя рецепторы, сопряженные с G-белками (GPCR), различные изоформы аденилатциклаз, а также широкий спектр каркасных и эффекторных белков. Работая вместе, они обеспечивают фокусировку сигнала цАМФ и реализуют программы либо по поддержанию стволовости, либо наоборот, по запуску дифференцировки в различных направлениях. Целью нашего обзора является обсудить организацию и компартментализацию сигнализации цАМФ в стволовых клетках, а также ее участие в регуляции процессов поддержания стволового состояния и индукции дифференцировки в различных направлениях.

Об авторах

В. А. Усачёв

Московский государственный университет им. М.В. Ломоносова

Email: usachjov-vova@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-1564-0644
аспирант Москва

П. А. Тюрин-Кузьмин

Московский государственный университет им. М.В. Ломоносова

Email: tyurinkuzminpa@my.msu.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-1901-1637
д.б.н, доцент Москва

А. А. Зиновьева

Московский государственный университет им. М.В. Ломоносова

Email: zinovevaanna356@gmail.com
ORCID iD: 0009-0007-3068-1678
аспирант Москва

И. В. Зубарев

Московский физико-технический институт

Email: ilyamitozubarev@gmail.com
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-7827-498X
к.б.н., с.н.с., заведующий лабораторией Долгопрудный

К. Ю. Кулебякин

Московский государственный университет им. М.В. Ломоносова

Email: konstantin-kuleb@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-6954-5787
к.б.н, доцент Москва

М. В. Воронцова

Московский государственный университет им. М.В. Ломоносова

Email: maria.v.vorontsova@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-9124-294X
к.м.н., заведующая лабораторией Москва

В. А. Ткачук

Московский государственный университет им. М.В. Ломоносова

Email: tkachuk@fbm.msu.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-7492-747
д.б.н., академик РАН, директор Москва

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