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Vol 52, No 3 (2025)
ВОДНЫЕ РЕСУРСЫ И РЕЖИМ ВОДНЫХ ОБЪЕКТОВ
The saltwedge intrusion in the Pregolya River as a reason for blocking the water intakes of Kaliningrad City
Abstract
Intense wind surges redistribute the waters of the Pregolya River mouth and impede the operation of the water intake for the needs of Kaliningrad. The inability to withdraw water during long-term (more than 10-20 days) brackish water penetration can create problems with water supply. Data (2020-2024) on water supply shutdowns at the water supply station (reflected the intensity of brackish water wedge penetration upriver) showed an interannual increase in the number and duration of such cases. A comparison was made of the salinity measurements at a control point in the middle of the river mouth section with the chlorine data at the water intake. The considered examples of water supply shutdowns for 7-20 days in August and October 2023 made it possible to assess the conditions (wind exposure, water level rise and the initial position of the salinity wedge), which all facilitating the movement of wedge up to the water intake point. A regression relationship is proposed between the values of chlorinity at the water intake and salinity in the middle of the estuary of the Pregolya River, which, as a rst approximation, can be used to estimate the values of chlorinity at the water intake in the case of penetration of brackish water.
Vodnye resursy. 2025;52(3):3-17
3-17
ГИДРОХИМИЯ, ГИДРОБИОЛОГИЯ, ЭКОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ АСПЕКТЫ
Bioaccumulation of trace elements by higher aquatic vegetation of some bays in the Ivan’kovo Reservoir
Abstract
The article presents the results of determining the volumes of biological accumulation of microelements (V, Pb, Cr, Co, Mo, Cu, Zn, Ni, Fe, Sr, Mn) in eight species and rare earth elements (REE) (La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu) in two species of higher aquatic and coastal-aquatic plants of three overgrown bays of the dam part of the Ivan’kovo Reservoir - Novoselsky, Fedorovsky and Korovinsky. The floral composition of the plant communities of the bays has been studied, the, phytomasses of the dominant associations of overgrown areas, products and areas occupied by higher aquatic vegetation have been determined. A comparison of the data for 1977 with the data for 2005 showed that there was a significant increase in the total annual production due to the increase in the production of two ecological groups of macrophytes of the Ivan’kovo reservoir - air-water (gelophytes) and hydrophytes of free-floating and rooting with the change of species-edifiers and the increasing leading role of air-water (gelophyte) vegetation species in the formation of overgrowth zones. In the period from 1990 to 2005, the overgrowing process stabilized and the productivity of all ecological and biological vegetation groups remained at the same level. In total, 4657.8 kg of heavy metals accumulate in the dry biomass of macrophytes in Novoselsky, Fedorovsky and Korovinsky bays during the period of maximum development (July-August): 2.58 V, 1.98 Pb, 9.75 Cr, 0.78 Co, 0.82 Mo, 16.76 Cu, 45 Zn, 6.1 Ni, 1977 Fe, 171 Sr, 2426 kg Mn. The dry biomass of Glyceria maxima Holmb. and Potamogeton perfoliatus L. from three bays contains 0.33 kg of rare earth elements. The largest mass of heavy metals accumulates in the vegetation of the Korovinsky and Fedorovsky bays. In the Korovinsky Bay, where the proportion of submerged rooting species in the total phytomass is significantly increasing, the highest bioaccumulation values of heavy metals and rare earth elements have been obtained. The main accumulator species are the Stratiotes aloides L., Glyceria maxima Holmb., Potamogeton lucens L. It is shown that the process of overgrowing of bays, accompanied by a change in plant communities, an increasing area dominance and an increase in the annual production of airborne and aquatic species, contributes to the growth of biological accumulation of heavy metals.
Vodnye resursy. 2025;52(3):18-34
18-34
GIS assessment of biotopes of the river part of the Sheksninsky reservoir and their use by zoobenthos
Abstract
With the help of GIS technologies, the boundaries and areas of the deep-water zone, thickets of higher aquatic vegetation, and open water zones with different types of soils have been established in the river part of the Sheksninsky reservoir. Quantitative indicators and the composition of the dominant species of zoobenthos in each type of biotope are given. In the bays, the biomass of zoobenthos is lower than in similar biotopes in flowing areas along the ship’s passage. The weighted average biomass of zoobenthos is 3.9 g/m2. According to the level of development of zoobenthos, the reservoir belongs to the medium-sized.
Vodnye resursy. 2025;52(3):35-42
35-42
Biotic and abiotic components in the system “watercourse and its catchment” of the small Polezhayevka River (the Amur River basin)
Abstract
The relationship between abiotic and biotic components in the water and soil is analyzed using the catchment area of the small urban river. Water quality was assessed as “polluted” based on a set of indicators. Similarity in the biogeochemical characteristics of bottom sediments (BS) and soils was revealed. The average organic carbon (Corg) content was 5.9 in BS and 6.8% in soil. The excess of the background level of hydrocarbons in BS (100 mg/kg) was no higher than 1.6 times, in the soil it was 1.2-1.7 times. The share of HC in the organic matter content in BS did not exceed 0.4 and 0.21% in the catchment soil. The total content of phytopigments in BS and soil did not differ significantly - 34.89 and 29.31 μg/g, respectively. The contribution of primary production, estimated by the chl a into the total content of Corg in BS averaged 1.53, in soil 0.61%. Carotenoids dominated in the composition of phytopigments in BS and soil. Studying the molecular composition of n-alkanes shown that the predominant type of organic matter in both soil and BS is terrigenous matter, genetically associated with higher vegetation, found in the studied objects in the form of transformed hydrocarbons.
Vodnye resursy. 2025;52(3):43-56
43-56
Monitoring of organohalogen compounds in the Northern Dvina River using the parameter of mass concentration of adsorbed organically bound halogens
Abstract
The study of the water of the largest river in the European North of Russia, the Northern Dvina, for the content of organohalogen compounds (OHC) was carried out by monitoring the mass concentration of adsorbed organically bound halogens (AOH) in the section of the river accepted as “conditionally clean” and 500 m downstream of the discharge point of treated wastewater from an integrated pulp and paper mill. At the same time, a study was carried out on the influence of river runoff, the amount of precipitation, and air temperature on the variability of the AOH parameter and the amount of AOH discharged with the river runoff during 2022. The analysis of the obtained data indicates that this parameter is relatively unstable and directly depends on the quantity and quality of surface and groundwater runoff of the river coming from the entire catchment area. These circumstances, of course, hinder the determination of the maximum permissible concentration of organohalogen compounds in the reservoir. The conventional “background” level of AOH in river water in 2022 upstream of the wastewater discharge site of Arkhangelsk Pulp and Paper Mill JSC with AOH values sampled n = 87 was 31.8 ± 8.2 μg/l with maximum and minimum values of 13.2 μg/l and 58.0 μg/l, respectively; 500 m downstream of the plant’s wastewater discharge with AOH values sampled n = 24 was 34.3 ± 3.2 μg/l with maximum and minimum values of 14.9 μg/l and 71.0 μg/l, respectively. The peculiarities of the formation of the AOH level in water and the relatively small contribution, ≤1.5%, brought in with the wastewater of the plant to the total natural discharge of AOH in the studied section of the river do not allow us to identify any influence of wastewater on the change in the natural background of organohalogen compounds in the water of the Northern Dvina River.
Vodnye resursy. 2025;52(3):57-69
57-69
Application of statistical criteria for identifying outliers in the analysis of hydrochemical characteristics of small lakes in Karelia
Abstract
The hydrochemical characterization of small lakes typical for different landscapes of the Republic of Karelia was compiled on the basis of statistical assessments. The test sample to be studied was formed on the basis of hydrochemical data on 223 most studied small lakes of Karelia, divided into groups based on their belonging to one or another landscape. The possibility of identifying atypical (anomalous) lakes for a certain territory, including unique lakes, has been assessed by applying statistical criteria for identifying outliers in the analysis of hydrochemical data. The search for anomalous values was carried out by classical methods of statistical analysis, among which the graphical method of box diagram and the statistical criteria for finding outliers Chauvenet and Roscher (Thompson). The effectiveness of these methods in detecting anomalies was evaluated. An expert analysis of the obtained sample of lakes with anomalous values of hydrochemical parameters was performed in order to identify the nature and causes of anomalies, as well as the uniqueness of lakes. The ways of further research on the possibility of using mathematical statistics methods to search for anomalies, as well as the development of criteria for the hydrochemical uniqueness of lakes are outlined.
Vodnye resursy. 2025;52(3):70-84
70-84
Metals in sediments of pore waters of small rivers of St. Petersburg and risks of secondary pollution
Abstract
The main distribution patterns of metals and metalloids (MM - Sc, V, Cr, Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, Ni, Co, Pb, Cd, Sr, Ba, Sb, As, Hg) in bottom sediments (BS) and pore waters of small rivers of St. Petersburg affected by industrial wastewater discharges were studied. MM concentrations in solid and liquid phases of bottom sediments (BS) exceed background values by n 10-102 times. The leading influence of chemical specialization of enterprises on their composition was shown. The Pb content in pore water near the wastewater discharge from lead-acid battery production in the Yekateringofka River reached 14.5 mg/l, and the Ni concentration was 8.56 mg/l under the influence of Ni-Cd battery production (Karpovka River). Using correlation, factor and cluster analyses, a relationship was established between the MM content in BS and pore water and complete identity of the main paragenetic associations. The risks of secondary pollution of rivers were established: diffusion flows from BS into water and opening of the pore space during bottom cleaning operations. Based on Fick’s law, the intensity of MM diffusion flows (μg/m2 day) was estimated, the maximum average values of which are characteristic of Fe (9985), Ba (322), Zn (169), Mn (131), the minimum are typical for As (0.9), Cd (2.4), Co (4.4). Calculations showed that in most cases the intensity of secondary pollution through diffusion input of pollutants prevails over mechanical pollution.
Vodnye resursy. 2025;52(3):85-99
85-99
Microplastic particles investigation in karst aquifer (Zvenigorod, Russia)
Abstract
The growing production of plastic products, the majority (about 54%) of which are single-use goods, and the lack of effective plastic waste management have led to the global problem of environmental contamination by polymers. Micro- (<5 mm) and nano-sized (<100 nm) plastic particles (MP and NP, respectively) are found in all environments and even in living organisms. The majority of researches are focused on microplastics in surface waters, but MP and NP particles have been detected also in groundwater. The article summarizes the results of current research focused on the analysis of groundwater contamination by microplastic particles. The results of testing the sample from the Podolsko-Myachkov aquifer for the presence of microplastics in the Zvenigorodskaya biostation are presented. Visual characterization was carried out using an Olympus BX53M light microscope, the chemical composition of the polymers was determined using an EnSpectr 532 Raman spectrometer. Identification showed the presence of various polymers: polyethylene, polyurethane, polycarbonate, polyimide. Phenol-formaldehyde and polyterpene resins and various copolymers were also detected. Analysis of the chemical composition of particles revealed among the potential polymers a significant part of natural polymers being cellulose and biodegradable polymer zein. Microplastics are represented by fragments, microfibers and films, which indicate groundwater contamination by secondary microplastics. The abundance of identified particles was 2 item/L.
Vodnye resursy. 2025;52(3):100-111
100-111
Salt lakes of the Crimea. 1. Modern hydrochemical features of lakes of the Evpatoria group
Abstract
The article presents data on the chemical composition of waters of 12 salt lakes of the Crimean Peninsula belonging to the Evpatoria group. A brief description of the geomorphological and geological-hydrogeological features of these lakes is given. Using the method of physico-chemical modeling, the indices of water saturation for calcium and magnesium carbonates, gypsum, and halite were calculated. A similar calculation was also performed for the 1965 data, which made it possible to trace changes in the degree of saturation of lake waters over a 50-year period. The influence of human activity had a significant impact (in contrast to climate fluctuations) on the ecosystems of the Crimean salt lakes. This was especially evident in the transformation of the chemical composition of Lake Kyzyl-Yar and, to a lesser extent, Lake Bogayly.
Vodnye resursy. 2025;52(3):112-127
112-127
Artificial (90Sr, 137Cs) and natural (40K, 232Th and 238U) radionuclides in the Dnieper water of the North Crimean Canal and irrigated agricultural lands along it (2022-2023)
Abstract
Based on the results of research conducted in 2022-2023, the radioecological state of the aquatic ecosystem of the North Crimean Canal (NCC) was assessed in relation to long-lived artificial (90Sr, 137Cs) and natural (40K, 238U, 232Th) radionuclides. The role of Dnieper water, which was re-supplied to Crimea in 2022 via the NCC, in the transfer of artificial and natural radionuclides to irrigated agricultural land in this region was also studied. Standard methods of radiochemical processing of samples, as well as beta and gamma spectrometry, accepted in world practice, were used. It was found that 37 years after the Chernobyl accident, Dnieper water remains a source of secondary supply of 90Sr (up to 427.2 Bq/m3 in dissolved form) and 137Cs (up to 521.9 Bq/kg of suspended solids) through the NCC to the territory of Crimea. The completed forecast showed that, at least for 10 years after the arrival of the Dnieper water with the same levels of activity concentration of 90Sr and 137Cs, which were determined in 2022-2023, the development of irrigated agriculture in the Crimea will be radiation-safe.
Vodnye resursy. 2025;52(3):128-144
128-144
Calculation of damage to water bodies during the discharge of wastewater with a high content of pollutants
Abstract
The article contains a list of provisions of the methodology for calculating the amount of damage caused to water bodies as a result of violations of water legislation, which require clarification in order to create a full-fledged effective mechanism for harm prevention. The insufficiently settled issues of determining some elements of the calculation of damage, which are most often the subject of dispute in court proceedings, are listed. Examples of ambiguous application of the norms of the methodology for calculating individual indicators by various participants in the process of compensation for damage to a water body are given. Conclusions are drawn about the need to streamline procedures for monitoring wastewater discharge, calculating and compensating for damage to a water body.
Vodnye resursy. 2025;52(3):145-150
145-150
Diatoms of Microperiphyton of the Water Intake Tunnel of Vladivostok TPP-2
Abstract
The species composition and quantitative abundance of diatom microperiphyton in the water intake tunnel of Vladivostok Thermal Power Plant-2 (VTPP-2) were studied for the first time as part of an experiment on studying biota in marine technoecosystems. Based on modern methods of algal flora analysis, including scanning electron microscopy (SEM), 49 species of microalgae from the class Bacillariophyceae were identified. A relatively high quantitative abundance of microperiphyton was noted on the surface of the macrofouling of the water intake tunnel (maximum density 17.4±2.5•106 cells•cm-2, biomass 56.3±9.8 mg•cm-1). The dominant position was occupied mainly by benthic diatoms adapted to mixotrophic metabolism. The quantitative abundance of diatom microperiphyton in different sections of the water intake tunnel varied quite significantly (by 3-6 times) and was determined by local hydrodynamic conditions.
Vodnye resursy. 2025;52(3):151-160
151-160
Application of a robotic underwater probe for limnological research. A case study of Lake Glubokoe, Ruzsky district, Moscow region
Abstract
The paper deals with a new approach to conducting experimental limnologic observations by using the automatic moored profiler Winchi. The autonomous underwater profiler is designed for regular multiparametric measurements of vertical profiles from the lake bottom (maximum depth of 60 m) upward to air-sea interface during an extended deployment (more than 1 month) at a hydrological station. Trial operation of the device was carried out in the lake Glubokoe near Moscow in 2022-2023. Observations made it possible to describe in detail the seasonal evolution of the underwater environment, including the transition from a state of homothermy to a direct thermal stratification with the formation of hypoxia in the hypolimnion in the deep central part of the lake. Intense intraday fluctuations of dissolved oxygen, temperature and water turbidity were found in the near-bottom layer. It has been hypothesized that in the spring-summer period, hypoxia is formed not only due to the barrier effect of the metalimnion, but also due to an increase in oxygen consumption for the microbial oxidation of detritus particles stirred up bottom sediments due to pulsating flows of groundwater discharge.
Vodnye resursy. 2025;52(3):161-173
161-173
ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕ ВОДНЫХ РЕСУРСОВ, ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКИЕ И ПРАВОВЫЕ АСПЕКТЫ
Building the optimal configuration of the dispatcher schedule for water resources management of the Baikal - Irkutsk Reservoir complex based on a multi-criteria analysis and the theory of compromises
Abstract
Approaches to the formation of optimal compromise dispatching schedules for water resources management of the Irkutsk reservoir (Lake Baikal) based on multicriteria optimization methods are considered. Many alternative solutions have been formed in accordance with the list of different options for the hierarchy of priorities of water users. A set of solutions that are non-dominant according to the criteria used has been identified
Vodnye resursy. 2025;52(3):174-191
174-191
Хроника
K 80-LETIYu SO DNYa ROZhDENIYa VALERIYa NIKOLAEVIChA ZYRYaNOVA
Vodnye resursy. 2025;52(3):192-195
192-195