Improvement of the functional layouts of multifunctional soil-cultivating sowing units

BACKGROUND: With the technology evolution, the use of combined machines and units has become more in demand. From the numerous studies that were carried out during the operation of machines of this type, it can be seen that the cost of raw materials and financial costs have been significantly reduced, and the number of other advantages has been identified as well.

AIM: Improvement of the functional layouts of multifunctional tillage sowing units for a more optimal combination of structural layouts and parameters of its use.

METHODS: Engineers use the method of changing working bodies designed as layouts aiming to turn the machines into the modules capable of performing various types of operations based on working conditions. Thanks to this method, sets of individual working bodies and combinations are prepared for any kind of conditions (soil, climate, etc.).

In addition to the advantages, this system has a number of disadvantages. One of these is that at the factory-built modules that are part of the original basis of the unit cannot be fully adapted to environmental conditions and economic factors of production. In this regard, combination of structural layouts and selection of the necessary parameters become problem causing. It is difficult to choose necessary parameters that are capable of ensuring minimal losses and adjusting the unit to the necessary operating mode.

The objects of study are the devices and production processes, the main task of which is performing tillage and sowing operations. The practical value of this study presented in the form of:

• building the algorithm capable of structuring the analysis and synthesis of the structural layout of the tillage-sowing unit to find the working links for various types of unit functions;
• finding the methods and improved combinations of working bodies, comparison of similar mechanical analogues with the original properties of systems.

RESULTS: When studying the studies of Wilde, who gave a description of the combined units, as well as the studies of Runchev, who determined the generalization of the combined machines, the relevant typology of agricultural machinery was developed. In this typology, one of the most important characteristics is multifunctionality, which has developed from the need for the versatility of units and the compilation of combinations of several units. The developed technology contains a number of characteristics that are fundamental for the choice of agricultural machinery.

CONCLUSION: As a result of the study, it was determined at which velocity of the unit the system is balanced.