Solar proton enhancements and Forbush decreases with the same sources

A. V. Belov; Белов А. В.; N. S. Shlyk; Шлык Н. С.; M. A. Abunina; Абунина М. А.; E. A. Belova; Белова Е. А.; A. A. Abunin; Абунин А. А.; A. Papaioannou; Папаиоанноу А.

doi:10.31857/S0367676523701776

Solar proton enhancements and Forbush decreases with the same sources

Authors: Belov A.V.¹, Shlyk N.S.¹, Abunina M.A.¹, Belova E.A.¹, Abunin A.A.¹, Papaioannou A.²
Affiliations:
1. Pushkov Institute of Terrestrial Magnetism, Ionosphere and Radio Wave Propagation of the Russian Academy of Sciences
2. Institute for Astronomy, Astrophysics, Space Applications and Remote Sensing, National Observatory of Athens
Issue: Vol 87, No 7 (2023)
Pages: 1005-1009
Section: Articles
URL: https://journal-vniispk.ru/0367-6765/article/view/135437
DOI: https://doi.org/10.31857/S0367676523701776
EDN: https://elibrary.ru/OSBGEZ
ID: 135437

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Abstract
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Abstract

The characteristics of Forbush decreases (FDs) and solar energetic particle (SEP) events driven by the same solar sources (i.e. coronal mass ejection and associated solar flare) are investigated. The part of the solar disk (E04–W35) was chosen in which most of the solar events lead both to an FD and SEP event at Earth. SEPs for different energies (E > 10, >100 MeV, and ground level enhancements) and with different flux thresholds were considered independently. The obtained results were compared with the control group of solar events that had solar sources within the same longitudinal zone but did not lead to any SEPs. It is shown that coronal mass ejections (CMEs) followed by SEPs have a very high probability to create a large FD in the Earth’s orbit and further to cause a geomagnetic storm. It is also obtained that the accelerative and modulating efficiencies of such driving solar events are well correlated; this can be explained mostly by high solar wind speeds of the corresponding CMEs.

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