The impact of innate immune response on the efficacy of oncolytic viruses

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Abstract

Oncolytic viruses represent a promising class of immunotherapeutic agents for the treatment of malignant tumors. The proposed mechanism of action of various oncolytic viruses has initially been explained by the ability of such viruses to selectively lyse tumor cells without damaging healthy ones. Recently, there have emerged more studies determining the effect of the antiviral immunostimulating mechanisms on the effectiveness of treatment in cancer patients. Stimulation of innate immune cells by an oncolytic virus can initiate an adaptive antitumor immune response, yet at the same time, the antiviral mechanisms of the immune system can limit the spread of the virus, thereby reducing its effectiveness. Thus, the success of the clinical application of the oncolytic viruses directly depends on the three key components: tumor immunosuppression, antiviral responses, and antitumor immune responses.

The review presents current data on the influence of pattern recognition receptors on the effectiveness of oncolytic viruses.

About the authors

Kirill N. Trachuk

Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products of Russian Academy of Sciences (Institute of Poliomyelitis)

Author for correspondence.
Email: trachuk_kn@chumakovs.su
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-2061-0274

P.G. student, Junior researcher of the Laboratory of Tick-Borne Encephalitis and Other Viral Encephalitides 

Russian Federation, 108819, Moscow

Nikolai B. Pestov

Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products of Russian Academy of Sciences (Institute of Poliomyelitis)

Email: trachuk_kn@chumakovs.su
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-9973-0120

Ph. D., Senior Researcher of the Laboratory of Tick-Borne Encephalitis and Other Viral Encephalitides 

Russian Federation, 108819, Moscow

Yulia K. Biryukova

Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products of Russian Academy of Sciences (Institute of Poliomyelitis)

Email: trachuk_kn@chumakovs.su
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-5804-4001

Ph. D., Researcher of the Laboratory of Tick-Borne Encephalitis and Other Viral Encephalitides 

Russian Federation, 108819, Moscow

Nadezhda M. Kolyasnikova

Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products of Russian Academy of Sciences (Institute of Poliomyelitis)

Email: trachuk_kn@chumakovs.su
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-9934-2582

Dr. Sci. (Med.), Leading Researcher, Head of the Laboratory of Tick-Borne Encephalitis and Other Viral Encephalitides 

Russian Federation, 108819, Moscow

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2. Fig. 1. Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) involved in the antiviral response.

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3. Fig. 2. Mechanisms of oncolytic virus action.

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