The role of matrix metalloproteinase 9 as a biological marker in heart failure

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Abstract

Heart failure (HF) is an important medical, social and economic problem. The study of new biological markers deepens our understanding of the pathogenesis of this disease. In modern cardiology, there is a growing interest in matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). These enzymes play an important role in tissue remodeling, angiogenesis, as well as in cell proliferation, migration and differentiation.

The purpose of this literature review is to analyze current experimental and clinical data on MMP-9 as a new diagnostic and prognostic marker in HF. This review presents an analysis of modern publications on a given topic. We conducted an analysis of literature sources covering all important materials as of 01.12.2024. Experimental studies have established that MMP-9 is a key participant in cardiac remodeling, since it is directly involved in the degradation of extracellular matrix proteins and the activation of profibrotic pathways, as well as cytokines and chemokines. Clinical trial data indicate the significant importance of MMP-9 for diagnosis and prognosis in patients with HF.

About the authors

Amina M. Alieva

Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University

Author for correspondence.
Email: amisha_alieva@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-5416-8579
SPIN-code: 2749-6427

MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine), Associate Professor

Russian Federation, Moscow

Alik M. Rahaev

Kabardino-Balkarian State University

Email: alikrahaev@yandex.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-9601-1174
SPIN-code: 5166-8100

MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor

Russian Federation, Nalchik

Albina B. Sultangalieva

Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University

Email: albina_sult_2002@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0009-0008-4194-8486
SPIN-code: 6613-2479
Russian Federation, Moscow

Irina E. Baykova

Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University

Email: 1498553@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-0886-6290
SPIN-code: 3054-8884

MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine), Associate Professor

Russian Federation, Moscow

Aila M. Karakizova

Peoples' Friendship University of Russia

Email: aila.karakizova@yandex.ru
ORCID iD: 0009-0001-3481-012X
Russian Federation, Moscow

Gayane G. Totolyan

Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University

Email: tgg03@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-9922-5845
SPIN-code: 1441-7740

MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine), Associate Professor

Russian Federation, Moscow

Jannet A. Elmurzaeva

Kabardino-Balkarian State University

Email: jannet.elmurzaeva@yandex.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-5640-6638
SPIN-code: 7284-3749

MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine), Associate Professor

Russian Federation, Nalchik

Mahty I. Akkiev

Kabardino-Balkarian State University

Email: mahakki@yandex.ru
ORCID iD: 0009-0007-4382-4383
Russian Federation, Nalchik

Linda A. Khachukaeva

Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University

Email: khachukaeva99@icloud.com
ORCID iD: 0009-0007-3306-4835
Russian Federation, Moscow

Alim O. Asanov

Kabardino-Balkarian State University

Email: asal2000@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0009-0000-2507-4530
SPIN-code: 1551-1342

MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine), Associate Professor

Russian Federation, Nalchik

Azret A. Musukaev

Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University

Email: azret.musukaev@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0009-0003-7010-4470
Russian Federation, Moscow

Igor G. Nikitin

Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University

Email: igor.nikitin.64@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-1699-0881
SPIN-code: 3595-1990

MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor

Russian Federation, Moscow

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2. Fig. 1. The role of MMP-9 in cardiac remodeling. MMP-9 — matrix metalloproteinase 9; IL — interleukin; TNF-α — tumor necrosis factor alpha; TGF-β — transforming growth factor beta; NF-κB — nuclear factor kappa-bi; CD36 — belongs to class B of scavenger receptors. Adopted from [10] with permission of copyright holder. © K.E. Rodrigues et al., 2025.

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