Ашық рұқсат
Рұқсат берілді
Тек жазылушылар үшін
№ 4 (2025)
SCIENTIFIC SESSION OF THE GENERAL MEETING OF RAS MEMBERS
Greetings to the participants of the general meeting of members of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Herald of the Russian Academy of Sciences. 2025;(4):3-7
3-7
Contribution of the RAS to the implementation of the strategy for scientific and technological development of Russia: report of the president of the RAS, academician of the RAS G.YA. Krasnikov
Herald of the Russian Academy of Sciences. 2025;(4):8-10
8-10
Participation of the Russian Academy of Sciences in the examination of scientific and technological leadership projects
Herald of the Russian Academy of Sciences. 2025;(4):11-12
11-12
Scientific and technological issues of nuclear energy
Аннотация
Nuclear energy is the engine of the development of science and a wide range of industrial and technological segments of the Russian economy. The work planned in the national project “New Atomic and Energy Technologies” will make our country a leader in such areas as the creation of high and low-power nuclear reactors, fuel cycle closure technologies, reprocessing and burial of spent nuclear fuel, studying the properties of materials under radiation exposure, as well as thermonuclear research.
Herald of the Russian Academy of Sciences. 2025;(4):13-21
13-21
Antibiotic resistance is one of the global challenges to humanity
Аннотация
Currently, the world is faced with a rapid increase in antibiotic resistance of pathogenic microorganisms. The formation of resistance of pathogens to most groups of modern antibiotics is a serious challenge for healthcare. Many proven drugs have lost their effectiveness. Standard therapy is no longer suitable for the treatment of diseases caused by resistant bacterial strains. Complications may occur, as well as the number of deaths. The key areas of combating this problem are monitoring the spread of resistance, the search for new antimicrobial drugs and strict control over their use. All this will require the combined efforts of scientists, the state and society as a whole.
Herald of the Russian Academy of Sciences. 2025;(4):22-24
22-24
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE PERSONALISED MEDICINE CONCEPT
Аннотация
The article is devoted to the prospects for the widespread introduction of IT technologies, including artificial intelligence, into medical practice and medical research. The RAS Council on Personalized Medicine makes a significant contribution to solving the relevant problems. The scientific, socio-economic and ideological prerequisites for the widespread introduction of artificial intelligence technologies into clinical practice are shown. It is emphasized that, thanks to digital technologies, data from standardized unified nosological registries, specialized datasets, and information from state information systems processed using artificial intelligence will be available tomorrow. The importance of creating platform solutions, training basic models, and developing conceptual training for artificial intelligence is noted. The prospects for using generative artificial intelligence in healthcare based on large language models are considered.
Herald of the Russian Academy of Sciences. 2025;(4):25-30
25-30
SCIENTIFIC PROVISION OF FOOD SECURITY
Аннотация
Ensuring food security is an important condition for achieving Russia’s national security. Agricultural research should focus on priority areas of scientific and technological development, the preparation of federal projects aimed at the development of breeding, genetics, biotechnologies, soil protection systems of agriculture, the introduction of digital technologies, the creation of competitive agricultural machinery and equipment. It is necessary to establish cooperation between agricultural science and business, while developments must meet modern market requirements. In this regard, a strategy for state land policy should be drawn up in the near future and a number of legislative acts should be adopted, in particular the federal laws “On Soil Protection”, “On Land Management”, “On Rural Development”.
Herald of the Russian Academy of Sciences. 2025;(4):31-34
31-34
DIGITAL TECHNOLOGIES IN CHEMISTRY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE
Аннотация
The article considers the problems and prospects of digitalization of chemical processes and technologies on the background of the global chemical landscape. Special attention is paid to such issues as low speed of data processing, the problem of lost data, knowledge transfer in micro- and low-tonnage chemistry technologies, and the digital cycle of chemical reaction production. Key areas are the application of specialized digital algorithms needed to solve specific problems in chemistry, accelerating data analysis, automating chemical research, creating new approaches to design materials for catalysis, and developing digital tools for science and educational programs. Important practical application is the use of artificial intelligence for scaling of chemical processes and technology transfer into industrial solutions.
Herald of the Russian Academy of Sciences. 2025;(4):35-38
35-38
TRANSPORT SPACE SYSTEMS AND PROSPECTS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF RUSSIAN MANNED SPACE EXPLORATION
Аннотация
Since the manned scientific research orbital station “Mir” ceased to exist, Russian cosmonauts have been actively involved in the work of the International Space Station. However, there is now a need for an independent and full-fledged Russian presence in orbit. To this end, a large-scale project of the Russian Orbital Station is being implemented, which will allow conducting unique research, creating the latest technologies and equipment, as well as preparing for interplanetary flights.
Herald of the Russian Academy of Sciences. 2025;(4):39-43
39-43
Academic “history of Russia”: design and realization
Аннотация
The article, based on the report presented at the December 2024 Scientific Session of the General Meeting of the Russian Academy of Sciences, discusses the fundamental problems of creating generalizing historical works, primarily within the framework of the project “History of Russia. In 20 Volumes. Collective Monograph”. The academic publication “History of Russia” in 20 volumes (30 books) covers a huge period from the appearance of man on the territory of the current Russian Federation to the beginning of the 21st century. The goal of the project is to strengthen the all-Russian civic identity, protect historical truth and counteract falsifications of the past, create a core of scientific knowledge that will be used to increase the level of historical education of Russian society. In modern historiography, the presence of generalizing national history is considered as a sign of cultural and historical sovereignty. In addition, over the past decades, a huge array of new historical data were accumulated. The results of numerous archaeological studies, the declassification of a vast complex of archival documents in the post-Soviet period, and the publication of a large number of sources have made it an urgent task to prepare a new academic history of Russia in accordance with current and objective scientific knowledge.
Herald of the Russian Academy of Sciences. 2025;(4):44-52
44-52
KEY ISSUES IN THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE STRATEGY OF SPATIAL DEVELOPMENT OF RUSSIA-2030
Аннотация
In December 2024, a new Strategy for the Spatial Development of the country was approved in Russia - for the period up to 2030 and with a forecast up to 2036. Unlike the previous similar document (the Strategy for the period up to 2025 approved in 2019), Strategy 2030 envisages expanding the geography of economic growth by forming a wide list of key settlements. Currently, there are 2160 of them - from the largest cities to rural settlements that play a significant role in the development of the country’s economy (including science cities), ensuring its national security or providing social services to the population. Despite a number of positive innovations, Strategy 2030 leaves many important questions unanswered (including the inclusion of science cities in key settlements), which indicates the need for further scientific and methodological support for the implementation of Strategy 2030 and its subsequent updating.
Herald of the Russian Academy of Sciences. 2025;(4):53-57
53-57
Boundaries and nature of the continental shelf in the Arctic: keys to extension of the exclusive economic zone and ensuring Russia’s sovereignty
Аннотация
The article presents the history of territorial delimitation of states in the Arctic, the approach to defining and expanding the borders of Russia in the Arctic zone. After the ratification of the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea in 1997, the territory of the Arctic Ocean with an area of about 1.2 million km2, previously considered part of the Arctic polar possessions of the USSR/Russia, was found to be outside the 200-mile exclusive economic zone of Russia. In order to obtain direct evidence of the continental nature of the earth’s crust in this zone, geological sampling of the bottom rocks within the Mendeleev Rise, Alpha and Lomonosov Ridges was carried out. The results of geological and geophysical studies of the Central Arctic uplifts and troughs were presented to the UN Commission on the Continental Shelf, which at the 57th session in February 2023 adopted official recommendations on expanding the outer boundary of the continental shelf of the Russian Federation in accordance with the application.
Herald of the Russian Academy of Sciences. 2025;(4):58-62
58-62
НАУКА И ОБЩЕСТВО
Large multi-generation family as a key resource of the new long-term strategy for demographic development of Russia
Аннотация
The article examines long-term strategic planning documents that influence Russia’s demographic policy, with an emphasis on the role of family and fertility as key resources for demographic development and achieving demographic stability. The article analyzes the latest regulatory legal acts, including the Decrees of the President of the Russian Federation, the national project “Family” and the “Strategy for the implementation of family and demographic policy, support for large families in the Russian Federation until 2036” and considers the main areas of family support, stimulation of the birth rate and strengthening of multi-generational families. An analysis of the number and composition of large families was made based on the results of the censuses of 1970, 1979, 1989, 2002, 2010 and 2020, with a detailed analysis of the latter. The article considers institutional mechanisms for supporting large families, including financial and infrastructural measures, as well as barriers and challenges that hinder the spread of large families practices. The authors analyze the role of strategic documents in terms of demographic development, the formation of a favorable environment for large families, noting their importance in overcoming the demographic crisis.
Herald of the Russian Academy of Sciences. 2025;(4):63-74
63-74
ИЗ РАБОЧЕЙ ТЕТРАДИ ИССЛЕДОВАТЕЛЯ
Method for assessing the effectiveness of regional management
Аннотация
The relevance of assessing the effectiveness of regional management is due to the goal of improving the quality of life of the population. At present, qualitative and quantitative approaches to assessing the effectiveness of the activities of regional executive authorities are used: econometric, rating, expert, sociological evaluation indicators on a formal basis without the involvement of experts. It provides for four main stages of calculations: preparation of initial data, including a set of evaluation indicators; formation of a structural matrix of achievements; assessment of the complexity of indicators and structures of achievements; assessment of performance. The peculiarity of the proposed method is that it allows to get an idea of the relative complexity of solving problems and achieving the goals of socio-economic development. This idea is formed on the basis of a comparative analysis of the weights of estimated indicators obtained on a formal basis. It is shown that the estimates of the weights of indicators respond to objective difficulties arising in management systems. In this study, when testing the method on 29 selected indicators of socio-economic development of regions, the authors did not set themselves the task of obtaining practically significant results. Possible areas of practical application of the method are to evaluate the effectiveness of the activities of senior officials of the subjects of the Russian Federation, as well as to evaluate the effectiveness of fundamental and exploratory scientific research, taking into account the labor required to carry them out.
Herald of the Russian Academy of Sciences. 2025;(4):75-89
75-89
SCIENTIFIC LIFE
VISITING SESSION OF THE SCIENTIFIC COUNCIL OF THE RAS ON ECONOMIC HISTORY
Herald of the Russian Academy of Sciences. 2025;(4):90-95
90-95
Official Section
Поздравительный адрес к 70-летию вице-президента Российской академии наук академика ран Сергея Леонидовича Чернышева
Herald of the Russian Academy of Sciences. 2025;(4):96-96
96-96