Herald of the Russian Academy of Sciences
ISSN (print): 0869-5873
Media registration certificate: ПИ № ФС 77 - 67137 от 16.09.2016
Founder
Russian Academy of Sciences
Editor-in-Chief
Panchenko Vladislav Yakovlevich, academician RAS, Doctor of Sc., Full Professor
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12 issues per year / Subscription
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Nº 9 (2025)
НАУКА И ОБЩЕСТВО
The world is on the edge of the era of technological singularity. How will the trends of basic global processes and the evolution of humanity change
Resumo
The article considers the probability of creating an artificial general intelligence (AGI) by 2027–2029 and the onset of the era of technological singularity, when a fundamental change in the mechanism of human evolution will occur. Such a probability is close to one, since these dates surprisingly coincide with the dates of the evolutionary singularity. The article discusses changes in the development trends of such key global processes as demographic dynamics and technological progress generated by the interaction of humans and AGI, as well as various scenarios for the development of human evolution in the era of singularity – a bifurcation time limited to 15–20 years. The active formation of the “human + AI” symbiosis as the leading force of development in all spheres of activity will allow humanity to follow a progressive branch of evolution.
Herald of the Russian Academy of Sciences. 2025;(9):3-15
3-15
Lithium-bearing polycomponent deep brines of the hydromineral province of the Siberian platform and their use as a raw material base for the creation of new production in the Irkutsk region
Resumo
The article shows, using the example of cooperation between business and academic and applied science, how the problem of industrial development of unconventional hydromineral lithium-bearing raw material sources in the form of deep polycomponent lithium-bearing brines of the calcium-magnesium chloride type, which occur in the depths of the sedimentary cover of the Irkutsk region, can be solved. The prospects of isolating lithium from lithium-bearing brines of this type in the form of aqueous solutions of its chloride by using a lithium chloride-selective sorbent based on the defective structure of the LiCl·2Al (OH)3·mH2O compound are substantiated. The main stages of long-term fundamental and applied research are described, which made it possible to bring the created scientific groundwork to industrial implementation in the Russian Federation. Associated and formation waters of the Irkutsk Oil Company are used as a raw material base.
Herald of the Russian Academy of Sciences. 2025;(9):16-26
16-26
ПРОБЛЕМЫ ЭКОЛОГИИ
Towards new assessments of the environmental consequences of the construction of the Mongolian hydroelectric power station
Resumo
Based on the results of the first meeting of the Russian-Mongolian expert group on assessing the possible impact of the construction of the Egiin-Gol hydroelectric power station on Lake Baikal and the Selenga River, new assessments of the environmental consequences of the project implementation were proposed, taking into account possible changes in landscapes and production characteristics of the vegetation cover. Alternative solutions to the problem of energy supply to Mongolia are briefly considered. It is shown that the most acute solution in terms of environmental consequences may be the rejection of the construction of the Mongolian hydroelectric power station, since other options for energy supply to the developing economy of the country will have even more profound environmental consequences. To assess and forecast possible changes in landscapes in the Selenga River basin, trends in vegetation indices (NDVI and EVI) and indicators of primary vegetation production (NPP) for 2000-2024, obtained using MOD13Q1 space monitoring data, were used. General background of landscape dynamics of the Selenga River basin. Selenga at this stage of climate change (after 2015 the humidification cycle started) in the main areas of the project implementation (steppe, dry steppe and desert) is positive: the impact of the construction of the Egiin-Gol hydroelectric power station on the landscapes of the Selenga River basin is local, and on Lake Baikal it is minimal.
Herald of the Russian Academy of Sciences. 2025;(9):27-37
27-37
ЗА РУБЕЖОМ
Chinese ports: from logistics hubs to instruments of global strategy
Resumo
The article examines the transformation of China’s port system as a key factor in its economic and geopolitical influence in the 21st century. Since the reforms of 1978, China has made an unprecedented breakthrough in the development of maritime infrastructure. Today, China accounts for 25% of global maritime transport. The author identifies nine pillars of China’s port leadership, including technological dominance, automation, the creation of transnational logistics networks, and expansion within the framework of the Belt and Road initiative. Particular attention is paid to the strategic role of ports as soft power instruments: through the management of key hubs, China forms zones of economic influence, and the digitalization of ports allows it to control global supply chains. Using the example of cargo turnover and container transportation dynamics, it is shown how port infrastructure has become the driver of the transition from the “world factory” model to the status of an architect of international trade. The article concludes by analyzing the prospects of the “Digital Silk Road” and the risks of the transition from physical expansion to technological dominance.
Herald of the Russian Academy of Sciences. 2025;(9):38-50
38-50
Bygone times
The Era of Academic Expansion. The “Siberia” Program in Memory of Academicians G.I. Marchuk, A.A. Trofimuk, V.A. Koptyug, N.L. Dobretsov
Resumo
The authors reconstruct the history of the origin, formation and implementation of the comprehensive program “Siberia”, which has no analogues in in Soviet and Russian history. The main objectives of the program are considered, the organizational role of coordinators in the formation of target programs in the most important areas of development of specific sectors of the economy for Siberia is revealed. The status of the program “Siberia” in the Soviet and post-Soviet periods is analyzed.
Herald of the Russian Academy of Sciences. 2025;(9):51-62
51-62
ЭССЕ
Reflections on Science, Religion, Ethnicity and Education
Resumo
The essay by a famous Russian scientist and organizer of science is filled with anxiety for the fate of Russia. He outlines the sore points in the development of the country, moreover, in the progressive development of civilization. What are the limits of scientific knowledge and religious comprehension of the world, what is ethnicity, what should be the education of youth in the modern world – these questions worry the author, as well as many of us.
Herald of the Russian Academy of Sciences. 2025;(9):63-69
63-69
Review
Molecular genetic research in detecting and investigating crimes against the person
Resumo
The article is devoted to the most popular area of forensic examinations, taking into account the needs of the practice of combating crimes against the person, as well as the consideration of civil cases that require the use of molecular genetic methods in the study of objects of biological origin. The advantages and possibilities of using various DNA analysis methods in forensic examinations are shown. The prospects for the development of molecular genetic examination of objects of biological origin in the Federal Budgetary Institution RFCSE named after Professor A.R. Shlyakhov under the Ministry of Justice of the Russian Federation are discussed.
Herald of the Russian Academy of Sciences. 2025;(9):70-76
70-76
Thirty Anniversary of Taking Rydberg Excitation into Account in Microwave Energy of the Environment, Space and Medicine
Resumo
The results obtained over 30 years of research are presented, involving for the first time highly excited – Rydberg – levels of atoms and molecules, the transitions between which lie in the microwave range. An original approach to microwave energy in cosmological problems is described, taking into account the role of relict radiation. A previously unknown channel of the constant influence of space weather factors on terrestrial processes and the state of the human body has been discovered within the framework of the physics of solar-terrestrial relations. Possible explanations are proposed for the periodically observed temporal non-repeatability of a number of known biophysical experiments, as well as a fully justified forecast of the attenuation of the COVID-19 pandemic by analogy with the influenza virus. Exogenous effects in medical biophysics are studied in accordance with the principles of Academician L.A. Orbeli: “The organism and the environment are something inseparable and are in unity and interaction”, which corresponds to the general philosophical scientific approach to the unity of all natural processes within the framework of the similarity theory developed by Academician G.S. Golitsyn. On this basis, physical mechanisms for solving current biomedical problems and the possible use in cosmonautics of a virtually unlimited reservoir of equilibrium thermal (relict) radiation in the Universe at its absolute maximum – in the microwave range – are proposed.
Herald of the Russian Academy of Sciences. 2025;(9):77-90
77-90
Celiac disease: extraintestinal manifestations and concomitant diseases
Resumo
Celiac disease is a systemic autoimmune disease caused by gluten consumption, which is characterized not only by damage to the small intestine, but also by a wide range of extra-intestinal manifestations. The article discusses the main extra-intestinal manifestations and concomitant autoimmune diseases, such as neurological disorders, dermatological and endocrinological diseases, reproductive disorders (infertility, miscarriage) and liver diseases.
Herald of the Russian Academy of Sciences. 2025;(9):91-98
91-98
Official Section
On the 75th anniversary of Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences A.N. Torkunov
Herald of the Russian Academy of Sciences. 2025;(9):99-100
99-100