On some features of Kulaika bronze casting: to the 100th anniversary of the discovery of Kulaika antiquities

Cover Page

Cite item

Full Text

Open Access Open Access
Restricted Access Access granted
Restricted Access Subscription Access

Abstract

The article presents a review of the history of studying the Kulaika culture since the discovery of bronze items on Mount Kulaika in Tomsk Region. Issues of unique bronze casting remain one of the main areas in the study of the Kulaika society. Potential sources of copper and alloying components closest to the compositions of the Kulaika bronzes were identified: they include the Southern Urals, Northwestern and Central Kazakhstan, the northern spurs of the Kuznetsk Alatau, and the Salair Ridge. The use of animal bones as an effective flux and reducing agent in metal smelting and their addition to clay to produce refractory ceramics was substantiated. The study also proves the use of bone measuring spatula spoons for adding crushed bones to the melt. It is concluded that the Kulaika people achieved a high degree of organization of the metal product manufacturing. In the absence of their own ore base, they built optimal logistics for delivering metal to their areas of residence and managed to improve the quality of smelting from secondary raw materials.

About the authors

L. A. Chindina

National Research Tomsk State University

Author for correspondence.
Email: chindina37@mail.ru

A. A. Belyaev

National Research Tomsk State University

Email: pmz2@list.ru

M. P. Chornaya

National Research Tomsk State University; Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography SB RAS

Email: mariakreml@mail.ru

References

  1. Ankushev M.N., Artem’ev D.A., Blinov I.A., 2018. Trace elements in zonal olivine of Bronze Age metallurgical slags, South Urals. Mineralogiya [Mineralogy], vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 55–67. (In Russ.)
  2. Balakin Yu.V., 1998. Uralo-sibirskoe kul’tovoe lit’e v mife i rituale [Ural-Siberian cult casting in myth and ritual]. Novosibirsk: Nauka. 288 p.
  3. Bobrov V.V., Bobrova L.Yu., Savel’eva A.S., 2017. Copper-bronze cauldrons of the Scythian period from the Kuznetsk Basin and Mariinsk forest-steppe. Teoriya i praktika arkheologicheskikh issledovaniy [Theory and Practice of Archaeological Research], 1 (17), pp. 104–122. (In Russ.)
  4. Bogdanov S.V., 2023. Archaeometallurgical approaches to the study of copper-arsenic alloys of the Bronze Age. Kratkie soobshcheniya Instituta arkheologii [Brief Communications of the Institute of Archaeology], 271, pp. 215–229. (In Russ.)
  5. Boscher L.C., 2016. Reconstructing the Arsenical Copper Production Process in Early Bronze Age Southwest Asia: thesis submitted to University College London for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (PhD). 371 p.
  6. Burov A.V., 1972. Lit’e slitkov medi i mednykh splavov [Casting of copper ingots and copper alloys]. Moscow: Metallurgiya. 176 p.
  7. Chemyakin Yu.P., 1994. Settlements and structures of the Early Iron Age in the Surgut and Lower Ob regions. Ocherki kul’turogeneza narodov Zapadnoy Sibiri [Studies in the cultural genesis of the West Siberian peoples], vol. 1, part 1. Tomsk: Izdatel’stvo Tomskogo universiteta, pp. 275–296. (In Russ.)
  8. Chemyakin Yu.P., 1997. The Kulaika settlement on the Middle Ob. Aktual’nye problemy drevney i srednevekovoy istorii Sibiri [Topical problems of the ancient and medieval history of Siberia]. Tomsk: Tomskiy gosudarstvennyy universitet sistem upravleniya i radioelektroniki, pp. 179–189. (In Russ.)
  9. Chemyakin Yu.P., 2008. Barsova gora: ocherki arkheologii Surgutskogo Priob’ya. Drevnost’ [Barsova Gora: Studies in the archaeology of the Surgut area of the Ob region. Ancient period]. Surgut; Omsk: Omskiy dom pechati. 224 p.
  10. Chernetsov V.N., 1953. Ust-Poluy period in the Ob region. Chernetsov V.N., Moshinskaya V.I., Talitskaya I.A. Drevnyaya istoriya Nizhnego Priob’ya [Ancient history of the Lower Ob region]. Moscow: Izdatel’stvo Akademii nauk SSSR, pp. 221–241. (Materialy i issledovaniya po arkheologii SSSR, 35). (In Russ.)
  11. Chindina L.A., 1970. On some chronological features of the Middle Ob ceramics in the 1st millennium AD. Problemy khronologii i kul’turnoy prinadlezhnosti arkheologicheskikh pamyatnikov Zapadnoy Sibiri [Problems of chronology and cultural attribution of archaeological sites of Western Siberia]. Tomsk: Izdatel’stvo Tomskogo universiteta, pp. 191–202. (In Russ.)
  12. Chindina L.A., 1973. Cultural features of the Middle Ob ceramics of the Iron Age. Iz istorii Sibiri [From the history of Siberia], 7. Tomsk: Izdatel’stvo Tomskogo universiteta, pp. 161–174. (In Russ.)
  13. Chindina L.A., 1984. Drevnyaya istoriya Srednego Priob’ya v epokhu zheleza. Kulayskaya kul’tura [Ancient history of the Middle Ob region in the Iron Age. Kulaika culture]. Tomsk: Izdatel’stvo Tomskogo universiteta. 256 p.
  14. Chindina L.A., 1991. Istoriya Srednego Priob’ya v epokhu rannego srednevekov’ya (relkinskaya kul’tura) [History of the Middle Ob region in the Early Middle Ages (Ryolka culture)]. Tomsk: Izdatel’stvo Tomskogo universiteta. 184 p.
  15. Chindina L.A., 2000. “Deeds and days...”. Zemlya Kolpashevskaya: sbornik nauchno-populyarnykh ocherkov [The land of Kolpashevo: Collected popular science essays]. Tomsk, pp. 104–132. (In Russ.)
  16. Chindina L.A., 2000. Warfare among the hunters and fishermen of Western Siberia. Hunters and Gatherers in the Modern World. Conflict, Resistance and Self-Determination. New York; Oxford: Berghahn Books, pp. 77–93.
  17. Chindina L.A., 2003а. New information about the antiquities of Mount Kulaika. Stepi Evrazii v drevnosti i srednevekov’e [Steppes of Eurasia in ancient times and the Middle Ages], 2. St. Petersburg: Izdatel’stvo Gosudarstvennogo Ermitazha, pp. 180–184. (In Russ.)
  18. Chindina L.A., 2003б. New data on the sacred foundation and the functional specifics of the Kulaika sanctuary. Arkheologo-etnograficheskie issledovaniya v yuzhnotaezhnoy zone Zapadnoy Sibiri [Archaeological and ethnographic research in the south taiga zone of Western Siberia]. Tomsk: Izdatel’stvo Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta, pp. 106–113. (In Russ.)
  19. Chindina L.A., 2013. The Piebald Horde – strong people of the Great Elk. Vestnik Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Seriya “Istoriya” [Bulletin of Tomsk State University. History], 3 (23), pp. 91–96. (In Russ.)
  20. Danchenko E.M., 1996. Yuzhnotaezhnoe Priirtysh’e v seredine – vtoroy polovine I tys. do n.e. [Southern taiga area of the Irtysh region in the middle – second half of the 1st millennium BC]. Omsk: Omskiy gosudarstvennyy pedagogicheskiy universitet. 212 p.
  21. Durakov I.A., 2001. Tsvetnaya metalloobrabotka rannego zheleznogo veka (po materialam Novosibirskogo Priob’ya): avtoreferat dissertatsii … kandidata istoricheskikh nauk [Non-ferrous metalworking of the Early Iron Age (based on materials from Novosibirsk area of the Ob region): an author’s abstract of the thesis for the degree in History]. Novosibirsk. 22 p.
  22. Durakov I.A., Myl’nikova L.N., 2021. Na zare metallurgii: Bronzoliteynoe proizvodstvo naseleniya Ob’-Irtyshskoy lesostepi v epokhu ranney bronzy [At the dawn of metallurgy: Bronze casting of the population of the Ob-Irtysh forest-steppe in the Early Bronze Age]. Novosibirsk: Institut arkheologii i etnografii Sibirskogo otdeleniya Rossiyskoy akademii nauk. 203 p.
  23. Elagin V.S., Molodin V.I., 1991. Baraba v nachale I tysyacheletiya n.e. [Baraba in the early 1st millennium AD]. Novosibirsk: Nauka. 126 p.
  24. Gel’d P.V., Esin O.A., 1957. Protsessy vysokotemperaturnogo vosstanovleniya [Processes of high-temperature reduction]. Sverdlovsk: Metallurgizdat. 648 p.
  25. Gondatti N.L., 1888. Sledy yazychestva u inorodtsev Severo-Zapadnoy Sibiri [Pagan traces in the native population of Northwestern Siberia]. Moscow: Tipografiya E.G. Potapova. 91 p.
  26. Glushkov I.G., 1996. Keramika kak arkheologicheskiy istochnik [Ceramics as an archaeological source]. Novosibirsk: Institut arkheologii i etnografii Sibirskogo otdeleniya Rossiyskoy akademii nauk. 328 p.
  27. Grigor’ev S.A., 2013. Metallurgicheskoe proizvodstvo v Severnoy Evrazii v epokhu bronzy [Metallurgical production in Northern Eurasia during the Bronze Age]. Chelyabinsk: Tsitsero. 660 p.
  28. Grishin Yu.S., 1980. Drevnyaya dobycha medi i olova [Ancient copper and tin mining]. Moscow: Nauka. 133 p.
  29. Gryaznov M.P., 1956. Istoriya drevnikh plemen Verkhney Obi po raskopkam bliz s. Bol’shaya Rechka [History of the ancient tribes of the Upper Ob according to excavations near the village of Bolshaya Rechka]. Moscow; Leningrad: Izdatel’stvo Akademii nauk SSSR. 163 p., 31 pl. (Materialy i issledovaniya po arkheologii SSSR, 48).
  30. Iz istorii Sibiri [From the history of Siberia], 7. Materialy soveshchaniya po problemam kul’turnoy i etnicheskoy prinadlezhnosti arkheologicheskikh pamyatnikov Zapadnoy Sibiri (Tomsk, 15–19 maya 1972) [Proceedings of the Workshop on the issues of cultural and ethnic attribution of archaeological sites in Western Siberia (Tomsk, May 15–19, 1972)]. Tomsk: Izdatel’stvo Tomskogo universiteta, 1973. 230 p.
  31. Kakimov A.K., Tuleuov E.T., Kuderinova N.A., 2006. Pererabotka myasokostnogo syr’ya na pishchevye tseli [Processing of raw meat and bone materials for food purposes]. Semipalatinsk: Tengri. 130 p.
  32. Klad kulayskoy kul’tury na Barsovoy gore: katalog (iz sobraniya Surgutskogo kraevedcheskogo muzeya) [The hoard of the Kulaika culture on Barsova Gora: a catalogue (from the collection of the Surgut Museum of Local History)]. A.B. Agarkova, comp. Ekaterinburg; Surgut: Karavan, 2016. 128 p.
  33. Kompleksnoe issledovanie istoriko-kul’turnogo pamyatnika “Gora Kulayka” i razrabotka nauchnykh osnov dlya proekta muzeefikatsii (s. Podgornoe Chainskogo rayona Tomskoy oblasti) [Complex study of the historical and cultural monument “Mount Kulayka” and the development of scientific foundations for its museumification (Podgornoye village, Chainsky District of Tomsk Region)]. Tomsk: Izdatel’stvo Tomskogo universiteta, 2017. 404 p.
  34. Kontar’ E.S., 2013. Geologo-promyshlennye tipy mestorozhdeniy medi, tsinka, svintsa na Urale (geologicheskie usloviya razmeshcheniya, istoriya formirovaniya, perspektivy) [Geological and industrial types of copper, zinc, and lead deposits in the Urals (geological conditions of location, formation history, and prospects)]. Ekaterinburg: Ural’skiy gosudarstvennyy gornyy universitet. 199 p.
  35. Kosarev M.F., 1964. Bronzovyy vek Srednego Ob’-Irtysh’ya: avtoreferat dissertatsii … kandidata istoricheskikh nauk [The Bronze Age of the Middle Ob-Irtysh Region: an author’s abstract of the thesis for the degree in History]. Moscow. 15 p.
  36. Kosarev M.F., 1969. On the Kulaika culture. Kratkie soobshcheniya Instituta arkheologii [Brief Communications of the Institute of Archaeology], 119, pp. 43–51. (In Russ.)
  37. Kosarev M.F., 1974. Drevnie kul’tury Tomsko-Narymskogo Priob’ya [Ancient cultures of Tomsk-Narym area of the Ob region]. Moscow: Nauka. 168 p., 25 pl.
  38. Kosarev M.F., 2003. Osnovy yazycheskogo mirovozzreniya po sibirskim arkheologo-etnograficheskim materialam [Fundamentals of the pagan worldview based on Siberian archaeological and ethnographic materials]. Moscow: Ladoga. 352 p.
  39. Kuz’minykh S.V., 2015. The main stages of metalworking development in Western Siberia in the Early Metal and Early Iron (Copper and Bronze) Ages. Vestnik Kemerovskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta [Bulletin of Kemerovo State University], vol. 6, no. 2 (62), pp. 68–71. (In Russ.)
  40. Kuznetsova E.F., Teplovodskaya T.M., 1994. Drevnyaya metallurgiya i goncharstvo Tsentral’nogo Kazakhstana [Ancient metal and pottery production of Central Kazakhstan]. Almaty: Gylym. 207 p.
  41. Matveeva N.P., Zykov A.P., Zelenkov A.S. et al., 2022. Zapadnaya Sibir’ v epokhu rannego Srednevekov’ya: vzaimodeystvie etnokul’turnykh obshchnostey [Western Siberia in the Early Middle Ages: Interaction of ethnocultural communities]. Tyumen’: Izdatel’stvo Tyumenskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. 260 p.
  42. Molodin V.I., Bobrov V.V., Ravnushkin V.N., 1980. Aydashinskaya peshchera [Aydashinskaya cave]. Novosibirsk: Nauka. 208 p.
  43. Morozov V.M., Kondrashev A.N., 2000. Results of a preliminary survey of the Amtunyukh 3 settlement. Pamyatniki Yugry: vchera, segodnya, zavtra [Sites of Yugra: yesterday, today, tomorrow], 1. Tomsk: Izdatel’stvo Tomskogo universiteta, pp. 72–85. (In Russ.)
  44. Moshinskaya V.I., 1976. Drevnyaya skul’ptura Urala i Zapadnoy Sibiri [Ancient sculpture of the Urals and Western Siberia]. Moscow: Nauka. 132 p.
  45. Mozgova N.N., Tsepin A.I., 1983. Bleklye rudy (osobennosti khimicheskogo sostava i svoystv) [Fahlores (features of chemical composition and properties)]. Moscow: Nauka. 280 p.
  46. Myagkov I.M., 1927. Finds on Mount Kulaika. Trudy Tomskogo kraevogo muzeya [Proceedings of the Tomsk Regional Museum], 1. Tomsk, pp. 65–69. (In Russ.)
  47. Myagkov I.M., 1929. Antiquities of the Narym land. Trudy Tomskogo kraevogo muzeya [Proceedings of the Tomsk Regional Museum], II. Tomsk, pp. 51–86. (In Russ.)
  48. Pankratova L.V., 2007. Istoriko-kul’turnye osobennosti pozdnekulayskoy keramicheskoy ornamentiki: avtoreferat dissertatsii … kandidata istoricheskikh nauk [Historical and cultural features of the late Kulaika pottery ornamentation: an author’s abstract of the thesis for the degree in History]. Kemerovo. 24 p.
  49. Polos’mak N.V., 1987. Baraba v epokhu rannego zheleza [Baraba in the Early Iron Age]. Novosibirsk: Nauka. 144 p.
  50. Polos’mak N.V., Shumakova E.V., 1991. Ocherki semantiki kulayskogo iskusstva [Studies in the semantics of Kulaika art]. Novosibirsk: Nauka. 92 p.
  51. Problemy khronologii i kul’turnoy prinadlezhnosti arkheologicheskikh pamyatnikov Zapadnoy Sibiri: materialy soveshchaniya 25–31 maya 1970 g. [Problems of the chronology and cultural attribution of archaeological sites in Western Siberia: Proceedings of the Workshop of 25–31 May, 1970]. Tomsk: Izdatel’stvo Tomskogo universiteta, 1970. 298 p.
  52. Rybakov D.Yu., 2018. Excavations at the Kulaika cult site in Chainsky district. Arkheologicheskie otkrytiya. 2016 god [Archaeological discoveries. 2016]. Moscow: Institut arkheologii Rossiyskoy akademii nauk, pp. 413–415. (In Russ.)
  53. Savel’eva A.S., 2019. On the elemental composition of the metal of Tagar mirrors. Uchenye zapiski muzeya-zapovednika “Tomskaya pisanitsa” [Transactions of the “Tomskaya pisanitsa” Museum-Reserve], 9. Kemerovo, pp. 40–52. (In Russ.)
  54. Savel’eva A.S., 2021. Lepeshkinsky complex of bronzes from the Tagar burial ground of Serebryakovo I in the Mariinsk forest-steppe: the elemental composition of the metal. Vestnik Kemerovskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta [Bulletin of Kemerovo State University], vol. 23, no. 2, pp. 405–414. (In Russ.)
  55. Savel’eva A.S., German P.V., 2016. The complex of Saragash bronzes from the Serebryakovo I burial ground. Arkheologiya Yuzhnoy Sibiri [Archaeology of South Siberia], 27. K 40-letiyu kafedry arkheologii Kemerovskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta [To the 40th anniversary of the Archaeology Department of Kemerovo State University]. Kemerovo: Kemerovskiy gosudarstvennyy universitet, pp. 115–123. (In Russ.)
  56. Savel’eva A.S., German P.V., Bobrova L.Yu., 2016. Bronzes of the Alchedat I burial mound and the Tesin stage of the Tagar culture metallurgy in the Mariinsk forest-steppe. Vestnik Kemerovskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta [Bulletin of Kemerovo State University], 1 (65), pp. 39–48. (In Russ.)
  57. Semenova V.I., 2001. Srednevekovye mogil’niki Yuganskogo Priob’ya [Medieval burial grounds in Yugan area of the Ob region]. Novosibirsk: Nauka. 296 p.
  58. Shatilov M.B., 1927. Historical essay and review of the Tomsk Regional Museum. Trudy Tomskogo kraevogo muzeya [Proceedings of the Tomsk Regional Museum], 1. Tomsk, pp. 1–37. (In Russ.)
  59. Shirin Yu.V., 2003. Verkhnee Priob’e i predgor’ya Kuznetskogo Alatau v nachale I tys. n.e. (pogrebal’nye pamyatniki fominskoy kul’tury) [Upper Ob and the foothills of the Kuznetsk Alatau in the early first millennium AD (burial sites of the Fominskaya culture)]. Novokuznetsk: Kuznetskaya krepost’. 288 p.
  60. Solov’ev A.I., 2003. Oruzhie i dospekhi: Sibirskoe vooruzhenie: ot kamennogo veka do srednevekov’ya [Weapons and armour: Siberian weapons: from the Stone Age to the Middle Ages]. Novosibirsk: Infolio-press. 224 p.
  61. Terekhin S.A., 1993. Experimental work in the field of non-ferrous metalworking of the Kulaika people. Arkheologicheskie issledovaniya v Srednem Priob’e [Archaeological research in the Middle Ob region]. Tomsk: Izdatel’stvo Tomskogo universiteta, pp. 26–34. (In Russ.)
  62. Terekhin S.A., 1997. Tsvetnaya metalloobrabotka na vasyuganskom etape kulayskoy kul’tury: avtoreferat dissertatsii … kandidata istoricheskikh nauk [Non-ferrous metalworking at the Vasyugan stage of the Kulaika culture: a thesis for the degree in History]. Barnaul. 18 p.
  63. Terekhin S.A., 2000. Rekonstruktsiya tekhnologii drevney tsvetnoy metalloobrabotki Srednego i Nizhnego Priob’ya [Reconstruction of the ancient non-ferrous metalworking technology of the Middle and Lower Ob region]. Khanty-Mansiysk: Nauchno-proizvodstvennyy tsentr po okhrane i ispol’zovaniyu pamyatnikov istorii i kul’tury Khanty-Mansiyskogo avtonomnogo okruga. 50 p.
  64. Terekhin S.A., 2009. Technique and technology of non-ferrous metalworking of the Kulaika culture (Vasyugan stage). Vestnik Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta [Tomsk State University Journal], 328, pp. 81–83. (In Russ.)
  65. Tigeeva E.V., 2013. Chemical and metallurgical characteristics of the Alakul metal in the Middle Tobol region. Vestnik arkheologii, antropologii i etnografii [Vestnik arheologii, antropologii i etnografii], 3 (22), pp. 31–39. (In Russ.)
  66. Toroshchina N.V., 2012. Otchet ob arkheologicheskikh raskopkakh na ob’ekte arkheologicheskogo naslediya regional’nogo znacheniya Stepanovskoe poselenie III, v Kargasokskom rayone Tomskoy oblasti v 2010 g. [Report on archaeological excavations at the Stepanovskoye settlement III, an archaeological heritage site of regional significance, Kargasok district of Tomsk Region, in 2010]. Arkhiv Muzeya g. Severska [Archive of the Seversk City Museum]. 53 p.
  67. Troitskaya T.N., 1979. Kulayskaya kul’tura Novosibirskogo Priob’ya [Kulaika culture of Novosibirsk area of the Ob region]. Novosibirsk: Nauka. 123 p.
  68. Troitskaya T.N., Galibin V.A., 1983. Results of quantitative spectral analysis of Early Iron Age objects from Novosibirsk area of the Ob region. Drevnie gornyaki i metallurgi Sibiri [Ancient miners and metallurgists of Siberia]. Barnaul: Altayskiy gosudarstvennyy universitet, pp. 35–47. (In Russ.)
  69. Uraev R.A., 1956. Krivosheino hoard. Trudy Tomskogo kraevogo muzeya [Proceedings of the Tomsk Regional Museum]. Tomsk, pp. 329–345. (In Russ.)
  70. Utkin N.I., 2004. Proizvodstvo tsvetnykh metallov [Production of non-ferrous metals]. Moscow: Intermet Inzhiniring. 442 p.
  71. Yakovlev Ya.A., 2001. Illyustratsii k nenapisannym knigam: Sarovskoe kul’tovoe mesto (Elektronnyy resurs) [Illustrations for unwritten books: Sarov cult site (Electronic resource)]. Tomsk: Izdatel’stvo Tomskogo universiteta. 273 p. URL: https://elib.tomsk.ru/purl/1-19174/.
  72. Zykov A.P., Fedorova N.V., 2001. Kholmogorskiy klad: kollektsiya drevnostey III–IV vekov iz sobraniya Surgutskogo khudozhestvennogo muzeya [Kholmogorskoye hoard: an assemblage of antiquities of the 3rd–4th centuries AD from the collection of the Surgut Art Museum]. Ekaterinburg: Sokrat. 176 p.

Supplementary files

Supplementary Files
Action
1. JATS XML
Download

Copyright (c) 2025 Russian Academy of Sciences

Согласие на обработку персональных данных с помощью сервиса «Яндекс.Метрика»

1. Я (далее – «Пользователь» или «Субъект персональных данных»), осуществляя использование сайта https://journals.rcsi.science/ (далее – «Сайт»), подтверждая свою полную дееспособность даю согласие на обработку персональных данных с использованием средств автоматизации Оператору - федеральному государственному бюджетному учреждению «Российский центр научной информации» (РЦНИ), далее – «Оператор», расположенному по адресу: 119991, г. Москва, Ленинский просп., д.32А, со следующими условиями.

2. Категории обрабатываемых данных: файлы «cookies» (куки-файлы). Файлы «cookie» – это небольшой текстовый файл, который веб-сервер может хранить в браузере Пользователя. Данные файлы веб-сервер загружает на устройство Пользователя при посещении им Сайта. При каждом следующем посещении Пользователем Сайта «cookie» файлы отправляются на Сайт Оператора. Данные файлы позволяют Сайту распознавать устройство Пользователя. Содержимое такого файла может как относиться, так и не относиться к персональным данным, в зависимости от того, содержит ли такой файл персональные данные или содержит обезличенные технические данные.

3. Цель обработки персональных данных: анализ пользовательской активности с помощью сервиса «Яндекс.Метрика».

4. Категории субъектов персональных данных: все Пользователи Сайта, которые дали согласие на обработку файлов «cookie».

5. Способы обработки: сбор, запись, систематизация, накопление, хранение, уточнение (обновление, изменение), извлечение, использование, передача (доступ, предоставление), блокирование, удаление, уничтожение персональных данных.

6. Срок обработки и хранения: до получения от Субъекта персональных данных требования о прекращении обработки/отзыва согласия.

7. Способ отзыва: заявление об отзыве в письменном виде путём его направления на адрес электронной почты Оператора: info@rcsi.science или путем письменного обращения по юридическому адресу: 119991, г. Москва, Ленинский просп., д.32А

8. Субъект персональных данных вправе запретить своему оборудованию прием этих данных или ограничить прием этих данных. При отказе от получения таких данных или при ограничении приема данных некоторые функции Сайта могут работать некорректно. Субъект персональных данных обязуется сам настроить свое оборудование таким способом, чтобы оно обеспечивало адекватный его желаниям режим работы и уровень защиты данных файлов «cookie», Оператор не предоставляет технологических и правовых консультаций на темы подобного характера.

9. Порядок уничтожения персональных данных при достижении цели их обработки или при наступлении иных законных оснований определяется Оператором в соответствии с законодательством Российской Федерации.

10. Я согласен/согласна квалифицировать в качестве своей простой электронной подписи под настоящим Согласием и под Политикой обработки персональных данных выполнение мною следующего действия на сайте: https://journals.rcsi.science/ нажатие мною на интерфейсе с текстом: «Сайт использует сервис «Яндекс.Метрика» (который использует файлы «cookie») на элемент с текстом «Принять и продолжить».