Email this article 
Reconstruction of the bed system of agriculture at the middle neolithic Zaisanovka-7 site in Primorye
- Authors: Vostretsov Y.E.1
-
Affiliations:
- Institute of History, Archaeology and Ethnology of Far East peoples, FEB RAS
- Issue: No 1 (2025)
- Pages: 148-161
- Section: DISCUSSIONS
- URL: https://journal-vniispk.ru/0869-6063/article/view/306876
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.31857/S0869606325010114
- EDN: https://elibrary.ru/bgjmuk
- ID: 306876
Cite item
Open Access
Access granted
Subscription Access
Abstract
The article examines one of the events in the transition from the Atlantic period of the Holocene to the Subboreal one, when, during the climate cooling in the interval 4800–4500 years ago, one of the waves of early farmers resettled from the continental regions of Western Primorye and Dongbei to the littoral of the Posyet Bay. The sites left by them were later united in the Posyet group within the Zaisanovka cultural tradition. On the sea coast, at the single-layer site of Zaisanovka-7, this population formed a mixed type of subsistence system, which included millet farming and the exploitation of a variety of marine and land resources. The site traces the earliest remains of beds in the Far East, similar to those used in the bed farming system in East Asia. The article analyzes archaeological evidence of the farming system and, accordingly, the lifestyle of early farmers in the studied region, as well as the social organization of the community and its socio-demographic parameters.
About the authors
Y. E. Vostretsov
Institute of History, Archaeology and Ethnology of Far East peoples, FEB RAS
Author for correspondence.
Email: vost54@mail.ru
Vladivostok, Russia
References
- Anosov S.D., 1928. Koreytsy v Ussuriyskom krae [Koreans in the Ussuri land]. Khabarovsk; Vladivostok: Knizhnoe delo. 85 p.
- Belova I.V., Vostretsov Yu.E., 2023. Correlation between cultural and natural changes in Southern Manchuria and Primorye. Tikhookeanskaya arkheologiya: kul’turnoe mnogoobrazie i mnogovektornost’ razvitiya drevnikh soobshchestv na Dal’nem Vostoke, v Yugo-Vostochnoy Azii i Amerike: 6-y Mezhdunarodnyy simpozium: tezisy dokladov [Pacific archaeology: cultural diversity and multi-vector development of ancient communities in the Far East, Southeast Asia and America: 6th International Symposium: Abstracts of reports]. N.A. Popov, ed. Vladivostok: Izdatel’stvo Dal’nevostochnogo federal’nogo universiteta, pp. 15–20. (Tikhookeanskaya arkheologiya, 41). (In Russ.)
- Boloban A.P., 1909. Zemledelie i khlebo-promyshlennost’ Severnoy Man’chzhurii [Farming and grain industry of Northern Manchuria]. Kharbin: Russko-kitaysko-mongol’skaya tipografiya gazety “Yuan’-dun-bao”. 318 p., 24 pl.
- Сhoe Chong Pil, 1990. Origins of Agriculture in Korea. Korea Journal, vol. 30, no. 11, pp. 4–14.
- Chzhan En Khak, 2003. Evolyutsiya sel’skokhozyaystvennykh orudiy v Vostochnoy Azii [Evolution of farming tools in East Asia]. Seul. 357 p. (In Korean).
- Chzhao Bin’fu, 2003. Arkheologiya kamennogo veka Severo-Vostochnogo Kitaya [Archaeology of the Stone Age of Northeast China]. Chanchun’: Izdatel’stvo Tszilin’skogo universiteta. 461 p. (In Chinese).
- Сook S.F., 1972. Prehistoric Demography. Reading, Mass. 42 p. (Addison-Wesley Modular Publications, 16).
- Evans-Prichard E.E., 1985. Nuery. Opisanie sposobov zhizneobespecheniya i politicheskikh institutov odnogo iz nilotskikh narodov [Nuer: a description of the modes of livelihood and political institutions of a Nilotic people]. Moscow: Nauka. 236 p.
- Garin N.G., 1916. Polnoe sobranie sochineniy [Complete Works], 5. Po Koree, Mandzhurii i Lyaodunskomu poluostrovu (Iz puteshestviy vokrug sveta); Koreyskie skazki, zapisannye osen’yu 1898 goda [Across Korea, Manchuria, and the Liaodong Peninsula (From Travels around the world); Korean folk tales written in the autumn of 1898]. Petrograd: Tovarishchestvo A.F. Marks. 398 p.
- Garkovik A.V., 2003. Neolithic ceramic complex of the Rybak-1 multilayer site on the southwest coast of Primorye. Problemy arkheologii i paleoekologii Severnoy, Vostochnoy i Tsentral’noy Azii: materialy mezhdunarodnoy konferentsii “Iz veka v vek”, posvyashchennoy 95-letiyu so dnya rozhdeniya akademika A.P. Okladnikova i 50-letiyu Dal’nevostochnoy arkheologicheskoy ekspeditsii Rossiyskoy akademii nauk [Problems of archaeology and palaeoecology of Northern, Eastern and Central Asia: Proceedings of the International conference “From century to century” to the 95th anniversary of Academician A.P. Okladnikov and the 50th anniversary of the Far Eastern archaeological expedition of the Russian Academy of Sciences]. Novosibirsk: Institut arkheologii i etnografii Sibirskogo otdeleniya Rossiyskoy akademii nauk, pp. 94–101. (In Russ.)
- Gluzdovskiy V.E., 1917. Primorsko-Amurskaya okraina i Severnaya Man’chzhuriya [Primorye-Amur outskirts and Northern Manchuria]. Vladivostok: Dalekaya okraina. 184 p.
- Grave V.V., 1912. Kitaytsy, koreytsy i yapontsy v Priamur’e: otchet upolnomochennogo Ministerstva inostrannykh del V.V. Grave [Chinese, Korean and Japanese people in the Amur region: Report of the authorized representative of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs V.V. Grave]. St. Petersburg: Tipografiya V.F. Kirshbauma. 489 p. (Trudy komandirovannoy po vysochayshemu poveleniyu Amurskoy ekspeditsii, 11).
- Gribbin Dzh., Lem G.G., 1980. Climate change over the recorded history period. Izmeneniya klimata [Climate changes]. Leningrad: Gidrometeoizdat, pp. 102–121. (In Russ.)
- Illyustrirovannyy atlas pamyatnikov i relikviy Korei [Illustrated atlas of sites and relics of Korea], 1. En Si Pen, ed. Pkhen’yan, 1988. 296 p. (In Korean).
- Klerk 5 Site in Primorye, Russia. Preliminary results of Excavation in 2005. Study of Environmental Change of Early Holocene and the Prehistoric Subsistence System in Far East Asia. H. Obata, ed. Kumamoto: Shimoda Print Co., 2007. 54 p.
- Klimenko V.V., 2009. Klimat: neprochitannaya glava istorii [Climate: an unread chapter of history]. Moscow: Moskovskiy energeticheskiy institut. 408 p.
- Konstantinov P.F., 1925. Farming in Northern Manchuria. Vestnik Man’chzhurii [Herald of Manchuria], 8–10, pp. 27–46. (In Russ.)
- Korotkiy A.M., Vostretsov Yu.E., 1998. Geographical environment and cultural dynamics in Peter the Great Bay during the Middle Holocene. Pervye rybolovy v zalive Petra Velikogo. Priroda i drevniy chelovek v bukhte Boysmana [The earliest fishermen in Peter the Great Bay. Nature and ancient human in Boysman Bay]. Yu.E. Vostretsov, ed. Vladivostok, pp. 9–29. (In Russ.)
- Kropotkin L.A., 1909. The Amur region in agricultural perspective. Zapiski Priamurskogo otdeleniya Imperatorskogo Russkogo geograficheskogo obshchestva [Transactions of the Amur Branch of the Imperial Russian Geographical Society], vol. 7, iss. 2. Khabarovsk, pp. 1–47. (In Russ.)
- Krounovka 1 Site in Primorye, Russia. Report of excavation in 2002 and 2003. Study of Environmental Change of Early Holocene and the Prehistoric Subsistence System in Far East Asia. Kumamoto: Shimoda Print Co., 2004. 58 p.
- Lee Gyoung-Ah, Cho Mi-soon, Obata Hiroki, 2019. Coastal farmers during the Early and Middle Holocene: Archaeobotanical and grain impression studies on the east coast Korea. Quaternary International, 529, pp. 57–74.
- Li Liu, Xingcan Chen, 2012. The Archaeology of China. From the Late Paleolithic to the Early Bronze Age. New York: Cambridge University Press. 475 p.
- Petrov V.P., 1968. Podsechnoe zemledelie [Slash-and-burn farming]. Kiev: Naukova dumka. 228 p.
- Sergusheva E.A., 2008. On the emergence of farming in Primorye in the late Neolithic: Archaeobotanical studies. OPUS: Mezhdistsiplinarnye issledovaniya v arkheologii [OPUS: Interdisciplinary research in archaeology], 6. Moscow: Paralleli, pp. 180–195. (In Russ.)
- Sergusheva E.A., 2009. The Zaisanovka-7 Site: Maritime Adaptation of Early Cultivators in Primorye. North Pacific Prehistory, 3, pp. 141–165.
- Shreyder D.I., 1897. Nash Dal’niy Vostok (Tri goda v Ussuriyskom krae) [Our Far East (three years in the Ussuri region)]. St. Petersburg: Izdatel’stvo Devriena. 469 p.
- So Kuk Te, 1986. Neolit Korei [The Neolithic of Korea]. Pkhen’yan. 155 p. (In Korean).
- Trevarta G., 1949. Yaponiya: (Fizicheskaya i ekonomicheskaya geografiya) [Japan: (Physical and economic geography)]. Moscow: Izdatel’stvo inostrannoy literatury. 602 p.
- Unterberger P.O., 1900. Primorskaya oblast’ 1856–1898 gg.: Ocherk [Primorye region in 1856–1898: Essay]. St. Petersburg: V.F. Kirshbauma. 334 p. (Zapiski Imperatorskogo Russkogo geograficheskogo obshchestva, vol. 8, iss. 2).
- Vostretsov Yu.E., 2000. Use of oak by ancient and indigenous peoples of Primorye and the Amur region. Integratsiya arkheologicheskikh i etnograficheskikh issledovaniy [Integration of archaeological and ethnographic research]. M.L. Berezhnova, S.S. Tikhonov, N.A. Tomilov, eds. Vladivostok; Omsk: Omskiy gosudarstvennyy pedagogicheskiy universitet, pp. 176–177. (In Russ.)
- Vostretsov Yu.E., 2005. Interaction of maritime and agricultural adaptations in the Sea of Japan basin. Rossiyskiy Dal’niy Vostok v drevnosti i srednevekov’e: otkrytiya, problemy, gipotezy [Russian Far East in the ancient time and the Middle Ages: Discoveries, problems, hypotheses]. Vladivostok: Dal’nauka, pp. 159–186. (In Russ.)
- Vostretsov Yu.E., 2006. “Turning points” in the cultural evolution of the ancient population of Primorye. Arkheologiya, etnografiya i antropologiya Evrazii [Archaeology, Ethnology and Anthropology of Eurasia], 3 (27), pp. 25–32. (In Russ.)
- Vostretsov Yu.E., 2009. Earliest farmers on the coast of Peter the Great Bay. Vestnik Novosibirskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Seriya: Istoriya, filologiya [Vestnik NSU. Series: History and Philology], vol. 8, iss. 3, pp. 113–120. (In Russ.)
- Vostretsov Yu.E., 2017. About the forgotten acorn. Istoricheskie, filosofskie, politicheskie i yuridicheskie nauki, kul’turologiya i iskusstvovedenie. Voprosy teorii i praktiki [Historical, philosophical, political and legal sciences, cultural and art studies. Theoretical and practical issues], 8 (82), pp. 57–59. (In Russ.)
- Vostretsov Yu.E., 2018. Chronology and spatial distribution of sites of the Zaisanovka cultural tradition in Primorye in the context of natural changes. Trudy Instituta istorii, arkheologii i etnografii narodov Dal’nego Vostoka Dal’nevostochnogo otdeleniya Rossiyskoy akademii nauk [Proceedings of the Institute of History, Archaeology and Ethnography of the Peoples of the Far East at the Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences], 20. Arkheologiya [Archaeology]. Vladivostok: Institut istorii, arkheologii i etnografii narodov Dal’nego Vostoka Dal’nevostochnogo otdeleniya Rossiyskoy akademii nauk, pp. 40–65. (In Russ.)
- Vostretsov Yu.E., Gel’man E.I., 2011. Cultural adaptation in Primorye in the Middle Holocene. Rossiyskaya arkheologiya [Russian archaeology], 1, pp. 38–47. (In Russ.)
- Vostretsov Yu.E., Korotkiy A.M., Besednov L.N. et al., 2002. Changes in the subsistence systems of the population of the Gladkaya River mouth and Posyet Bay in the Middle Holocene. Arkheologiya i kul’turnaya antropologiya Dal’nego Vostoka [Archaeology and cultural anthropology of the Far East]. N.N. Kradin, ed. Vladivostok: Dal’nevostochnoe otdelenie Rossiyskoy akademii nauk, pp. 3–41. (In Russ.)
- Vostretsov Yu.E., Rakov V.A., Kassidi Dzh., Glassou M., 2002. Stratigraphy and malacofauna of the shell midden of the Zaisanovka-7 settlement. Arkheologiya i kul’turnaya antropologiya Dal’nego Vostoka i Tsentral’noy Azii [Archaeology and cultural anthropology of the Far East and Central Asia]. N.N. Kradin, ed. Vladivostok: Dal’nevostochnoe otdelenie Rossiyskoy akademii nauk, pp. 33–41. (In Russ.)
- Watanabe H., 1964. The Ainu. A study of ecology and system of social solidarity between man and nature in reaction to group structure. Tokyo: University of Tokyo. 164 p. (Journal of the Faculty of science University of Tokyo. Section V: Anthropology, II, 6).
- Zaisanovka 7 Site, in Primorsky, Russia. Preliminary result of Excavation in 2004. Study on the environmental change of Early Holocene and prehistoric subsistence system in Far East Asia. M. Komoto, H. Obata, eds. Kumamoto: Shimoda Print Co., 2005. 76 p.
Supplementary files
