Clinical and biomechanical risk factors for plantar fasciitis in athletes
- Authors: Slivin A.V.1,2, Karmazin V.V.1, Parastaev S.A.1,2
-
Affiliations:
- Federal Research and Clinical Centre for Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University
- Issue: Vol 32, No 1 (2025)
- Pages: 137-148
- Section: Original study articles
- URL: https://journal-vniispk.ru/0869-8678/article/view/290979
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.17816/vto637001
- ID: 290979
Cite item
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Plantar fasciitis is one of the most common causes of foot and ankle pain in athletes. Identifying the main risk factors for the disease will allow an individualised approach to both therapeutic and preventive measures in the sports contingent.
AIM: To determine the clinical and biomechanical risk factors for plantar fasciitis.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study included 130 athletes from various sports. The athletes were divided into two groups: group 1 consisted of athletes with plantar fasciitis, and group 2 was the control group, consisting of athletes without plantar fasciitis. The assessment included key anthropometric, orthopedic, morphological, and biomechanical indicators.
RESULTS: There was a slight tendency for females to develop plantar fasciitis more frequently. Athletes with plantar fasciitis were more likely to have flat feet (p <0.05), tension and soreness of the posterior tibial muscles (p <0.05), less ankle dorsiflexion (p <0.001), more pronation of the foot (p <0.001) and greater thickness of the plantar aponeurosis. The baropodometric test showed a decrease or, on the contrary, an increase in the plantar pressure of the hindfoot, depending on the severity of the pain syndrome (p=0.004). Dynamic tests showed signs of postural imbalance.
CONCLUSION: Assessing the risk factors for plantar fasciitis in athletes will not only allow us to optimise therapeutic measures, but also to develop personalised preventive programmes, taking into account the main predictors of the disease, which will make possible to reduce the prevalence of the pathology.
Keywords
Full Text
##article.viewOnOriginalSite##About the authors
Anton V. Slivin
Federal Research and Clinical Centre for Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation; Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University
Author for correspondence.
Email: anton-slivin@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-2107-6525
SPIN-code: 7670-4931
MD
Russian Federation, 5 B. Dorogomilovskaya str., 121059 Moscow; MoscowValery V. Karmazin
Federal Research and Clinical Centre for Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation
Email: vkarma@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-1971-4420
SPIN-code: 9499-6372
MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine)
Russian Federation, 5 B. Dorogomilovskaya str., 121059 MoscowSergey A. Parastaev
Federal Research and Clinical Centre for Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation; Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University
Email: ParastaevSA@sportfmba.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-2281-9936
SPIN-code: 7612-0480
MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), professor
Russian Federation, 5 B. Dorogomilovskaya str., 121059 Moscow; MoscowReferences
- O’Sullivan K, O’Sullivan PB, Gabbett TJ. Pain and fatigue in sport: are they so different? Br J Sports Med. 2018;52(9):555–556. doi: 10.1136/bjsports-2017-098159
- Kakouris N, Yener N, Fong DTP. A systematic review of running-related musculoskeletal injuries in runners. J Sport Health Sci. 2021;10(5):513–522. doi: 10.1016/j.jshs.2021.04.001
- Lopes AD, Hespanhol Júnior LC, Yeung SS, Costa LO. What are the main running-related musculoskeletal injuries? A Systematic Review. Sports Med. 2012;42(10):891–905. doi: 10.1007/BF03262301
- Orchard J. Plantar fasciitis. BMJ. 2012;345:e6603. doi: 10.1136/bmj.e6603
- Kulibaba KV, Vasilkin AK. Modern aspects of treatment offoot pathology in athletes. Medical alphabet. 2018;3(27):62–63. (In Russ.). EDN: YPUTQL
- Thompson JV, Saini SS, Reb CW, Daniel JN. Diagnosis and management of plantar fasciitis. J Am Osteopath Assoc. 2014;114(12):900–906. doi: 10.7556/jaoa.2014.177
- Murphy K, Curry EJ, Matzkin EG. Barefoot running: does it prevent injuries? Sports Med. 2013;43(11):1131–1138. doi: 10.1007/s40279-013-0093-2
- Rabadi D, Seo S, Wong B, et al. Immunopathogenesis, early Detection, current therapies and prevention of plantar Fasciitis: A concise review. Int Immunopharmacol. 2022;110:109023. doi: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.109023
- Soligard T, Schwellnus M, Alonso JM, et al. How much is too much? (Part 1) International Olympic Committee consensus statement on load in sport and risk of injury. Br J Sports Med. 2016;50(17):1030–1041. doi: 10.1136/bjsports-2016-096581
- Coppola M, Sgadari A, Marasco D, et al. Treatment Approaches for Plantar Fasciopathy in Elite Athletes: A Scoping Review of the Literature. Orthop J Sports Med. 2022;10(11):23259671221136496. doi: 10.1177/23259671221136496
- Petraglia F, Ramazzina I, Costantino C. Plantar fasciitis in athletes: diagnostic and treatment strategies. A systematic review. Muscles Ligaments Tendons J. 2017;7(1):107–118. doi: 10.11138/mltj/2017.7.1.107
- Hamstra-Wright KL, Huxel Bliven KC, Bay RC, Aydemir B. Risk Factors for Plantar Fasciitis in Physically Active Individuals: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Sports Health. 2021;13(3):296–303. doi: 10.1177/1941738120970976
- Redmond AC, Crosbie J, Ouvrier RA. Development and validation of a novel rating system for scoring standing foot posture: the Foot Posture Index. Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon). 2006;21(1):89–98. doi: 10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2005.08.002
- Sobhani S, Dekker R, Postema K, Dijkstra PU. Epidemiology of ankle and foot overuse injuries in sports: A systematic review. Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2013;23(6):669–686. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0838.2012.01509.x
- Nielsen RO, Rønnow L, Rasmussen S, Lind M. A prospective study on time to recovery in 254 injured novice runners. PLoS One. 2014;9(6):e99877. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0099877
- Martinelli N, Bianchi A, Martinkevich P, et al. Return to sport activities after subtalar arthroereisis for correction of pediatric flexible flatfoot. J Pediatr Orthop B. 2018;27(1):82–87. doi: 10.1097/BPB.0000000000000449
- Pohl MB, Hamill J, Davis IS. Biomechanical and anatomic factors associated with a history of plantar fasciitis in female runners. Clin J Sport Med. 2009;19(5):372–376. doi: 10.1097/JSM.0b013e3181b8c270
- Lee SY, Hertel J. Effect of static foot alignment on plantar-pressure measures during running. J Sport Rehabil. 2012;21(2):137–143. doi: 10.1123/jsr.21.2.137
- Rodrigues P, Chang R, TenBroek T, van Emmerik R, Hamill J. Evaluating the coupling between foot pronation and tibial internal rotation continuously using vector coding. J Appl Biomech. 2015;31(2):88–94. doi: 10.1123/jab.2014-0067
- Kwong PK, Kay D, Voner RT, White MW. Plantar fasciitis. Mechanics and pathomechanics of treatment. Clin Sports Med. 1988;7(1):119–126.
- Keenan AM, Redmond AC, Horton M, Conaghan PG, Tennant A. The Foot Posture Index: Rasch analysis of a novel, foot-specific outcome measure. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2007;88(1):88–93. doi: 10.1016/j.apmr.2006.10.005
- Donatelli R, Wooden M, Ekedahl SR, et al. Relationship between static and dynamic foot postures in professional baseball players. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 1999;29(6):316–330. doi: 10.2519/jospt.1999.29.6.316
- Chow TH, Chen YS, Hsu CC. Relationships between Plantar Pressure Distribution and Rearfoot Alignment in the Taiwanese College Athletes with Plantar Fasciopathy during Static Standing and Walking. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021;18(24):12942. doi: 10.3390/ijerph182412942
- Nakale NT, Strydom A, Saragas NP, Ferrao PNF. Association Between Plantar Fasciitis and Isolated Gastrocnemius Tightness. Foot Ankle Int. 2018;39(3):271–277. doi: 10.1177/1071100717744175
- Patel A, DiGiovanni B. Association between plantar fasciitis and isolated contracture of the gastrocnemius. Foot Ankle Int. 2011;32(1):5–8. doi: 10.3113/FAI.2011.0005
- Zhou JP, Yu JF, Feng YN, et al. Modulation in the elastic properties of gastrocnemius muscle heads in individuals with plantar fasciitis and its relationship with pain. Sci Rep. 2020;10(1):2770. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-59715-8
- DiPreta JA. Metatarsalgia, lesser toe deformities, and associated disorders of the forefoot. Med Clin North Am. 2014;98(2):233–251. doi: 10.1016/j.mcna.2013.10.003
- Cobden A, Camurcu Y, Sofu H, et al. Evaluation of the Association Between Plantar Fasciitis and Hallux Valgus. J Am Podiatr Med Assoc. 2020;110(2):Article_2. doi: 10.7547/17-150
- Stecco C, Corradin M, Macchi V, et al. Plantar fascia anatomy and its relationship with Achilles tendon and paratenon. J Anat. 2013;223(6):665–676. doi: 10.1111/joa.12111
- Knapik DM, LaTulip S, Salata MJ, Voos JE, Liu RW. Impact of Routine Gastrocnemius Stretching on Ankle Dorsiflexion Flexibility and Injury Rates in High School Basketball Athletes. Orthop J Sports Med. 2019;7(4):2325967119836774. doi: 10.1177/2325967119836774
- Johanson MA, Armstrong M, Hopkins C, et al. Gastrocnemius Stretching Program: More Effective in Increasing Ankle/Rear-Foot Dorsiflexion When Subtalar Joint Positioned in Pronation Than in Supination. J Sport Rehabil. 2015;24(3):307–314. doi: 10.1123/jsr.2014-0191
- Baris RH, Narin S, Elvan A, Erduran M. FRI0638-HPR Investigating Plantar Pressure during Walking in Plantar Fasciitis. Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases. 2016;75(Suppl 2):1284.3–1285. doi: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2016-eular.5343
- Ulusoy A, Cerrahoğlu L, Örgüç Ş. The assessment of plantar pressure distribution in plantar fasciitis and its relationship with treatment success and fascial thickness. Kastamonu Medical Journal. 2023;3(3):139–143. doi: 10.51271/kmj-0114
- Drake C, Whittaker GA, Kaminski MR, et al. Medical imaging for plantar heel pain: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Foot and Ankle Research. 2022;15(1). doi: 10.1186/s13047-021-00507-2
- Mahmood S, Huffman LK, Harris JG. Limb-length discrepancy as a cause of plantar fasciitis. J Am Podiatr Med Assoc. 2010;100(6):452–455. doi: 10.7547/1000452
- Mansur H, Carvalho GGF, Lima TCP, et al. Relationship between leg-length discrepancy and plantar fasciitis. Journal of the Foot & Ankle. 2019;13(1):77–82. doi: 10.30795/scijfootankle.2019.v13.921
- Butterworth PA, Landorf KB, Smith SE, Menz HB. The association between body mass index and musculoskeletal foot disorders: a systematic review. Obes Rev. 2012;13(7):630–642. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-789X.2012.00996.x
- Taunton JE, Ryan MB, Clement DB, et al. A retrospective case-control analysis of 2002 running injuries. Br J Sports Med. 2002;36(2):95–101. doi: 10.1136/bjsm.36.2.95
Supplementary files
