Oil as an Object of Rheology (Review)

Аннотация

A review of the current state of research in the field of oil rheology is presented as the basis for quantitative characterization of oil flow in the pipeline system. Based on recent publications, a picture is presented of the dependence of the rheological properties of oils of various types on their composition. The features of the flow of waxy oils, including the problem of correct assessment and depression of the pour point, have been analyzed. The flow of crystallizing oil has been considered proceeding from the concept of oil as a viscoplastic thixotropic medium. It has been shown how the results of rheological studies can be used to solve technological problems, including the restart problem. The rheology of heavy oil has been considered on the basis of the strategic objective of reducing viscosity to a level that meets the requirements of its transport in existing pipeline systems. Various existing and promising ways to solve this problem are discussed. Particular attention is paid to the role of asphaltenes and the formation of emulsions and their importance in oil rheology.