The development of new metallurgical materials and technologies. Part 1

Work by researchers at the Russian Academy of Sciences on new materials (metals and ceramics) and new technologies is reviewed. The topics include new high-strength corrosion-resistant nitrogen steels; high-temperature light alloys and composites based on intermetallics; modifiers for wheel steels; complex ferroalloys containing V, Cr, and Ni; anticorrosive protective coatings based on ultrafine Zn powders; catalytic converters for vehicle exhaust gases; magnetically hard materials with high temperature–time stability and excellent mechanical characteristics; nanostructured stents for endovascular operations; and corrosionand wear-resistant coatings and corresponding methods of plasma application. Methods have been developed for longitudinal rolling with shear deformation to improve the properties of the rolled product; recycling of oily scale; monitoring of the wear of the refractory lining at any point of the blast-furnace hearth; and monitoring of the content of inclusions in rail steel. Technologies have been developed for special electroproduction of steel for the power industry; synthesis of massive monocrystalline samples of transition-metal nitrides and nanopowders of W, Pt, and Ti and their carbides and nitrides; the processing of leucoxene concentrates from the Yareg Basin; the production of titanium implants with porous coatings; ferrous and nonferrous metal shot and powder; ultrafine Zn powder; recycling of metallurgical wastes with the extraction of Zn, Sb, Sn, and Fe; the production of sintered nanocrystalline Ta powder for capacitors; the processing of molybdenum-bearing sulfide material to obtain rare-earth metals, MoO₃, and CaMoO₄; and the utilization of sulfur dioxide. Injection units and technologies for their use have been developed, as well as high-speed systems for the plasma application of metals on surfaces including paint coatings, plastics, and cardboard. Data have been obtained regarding the thermodynamic functions of the solution of oxygen in Fe-based melts and the reactions of elements dissolved in such melts (Cr, Mn, Nb, V, Si, B, C, Ti, Zr, Al) with oxygen.