Genetic Aspects of Chronic Rhinosinusitis

Abstract

Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a syndrome associated with persistent inflammation of the mucous membranes of the nose and paranasal sinuses. There are two forms of CRS: chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis (CRSwNP) and chronic rhinosinusitis without nasal polyposis (NP) (CRSsNP). Available data indicate that innate immunity, adaptive immunity, tissue remodeling, and influence of microorganisms can play a modified role in the development of CRSwNP. The genetic predisposition to the development of CRS is also possible. Today there are several groups of genes which influence the development of chronic rhinosinusitis. They include the genes associated with CFTR locus, HLA genes, genes of innate immunity, genes involved in the development of TH2-inflammatory reactions, genes responsible for tissue remodeling of paranasal sinuses, genes involved in the metabolism of arachidonic acid, genes of xenobiotic transformation, and other pro-inflammatory genes. Identification of genetic susceptibility to CRS would make it possible to develop personalized approaches for prevention, tactics, and effective treatment of chronic rhinosinusitis.