Widely Applicable PCR Markers for Sex Identification in Birds


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Abstract

To aid in avian sex determination if birds are not sexually dimorphic and/or they are sexually immature, several molecular assays involving the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) have been developed. To test in a variety of domestic and wild avian species applicability of five sexing assays: previously described four assays based on nucleotide sequence differences between the Z and W copy of the chicken chromodomain-helicase-DNA-binding protein gene (CHD1Z and CHD1W), and a new sexing marker using the ubiquitin associated protein 2 (UBAP2) gene sequence. At least one molecular sexing marker was successful in 84 out of 88 examined species across 13 avian orders. These assays may be useful in breeding management of domestic and wild birds as well as in studies of avian ecology, population genetics, embryology and transgenesis.

About the authors

M. N. Romanov

Comparative and Functional Genomics Group, School of Biosciences, University of Kent

Author for correspondence.
Email: m.romanov@kent.ac.uk
United Kingdom, Canterbury, Kent, CT2 7NJ

A. M. Betuel

The Center for Genomic Advocacy, Department of Biology, Indiana State University

Email: m.romanov@kent.ac.uk
United States, Terre Haute, IN 47809

L. G. Chemnick

Genetics Division, San Diego Zoo Institute for Conservation Research

Email: m.romanov@kent.ac.uk
United States, Escondido, 15600CA 92027

O. A. Ryder

Genetics Division, San Diego Zoo Institute for Conservation Research

Email: m.romanov@kent.ac.uk
United States, Escondido, 15600CA 92027

R. O. Kulibaba

Institute of Animal Science, National Academy of Agrarian Sciences of Ukraine

Email: m.romanov@kent.ac.uk
Ukraine, Kulinichi, Kharkov District, 62404

O. V. Tereshchenko

State Poultry Research Station, National Academy of Agrarian Sciences of Ukraine

Email: m.romanov@kent.ac.uk
Ukraine, Birky, Kharkiv region, 63421

W. S. Payne

Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Biomedical and Physical Sciences Bldg.,
Michigan State University

Email: m.romanov@kent.ac.uk
United States, East Lansing, MI 48824

Ph. C. Delekta

Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Biomedical and Physical Sciences Bldg.,
Michigan State University

Email: m.romanov@kent.ac.uk
United States, East Lansing, MI 48824

J. B. Dodgson

Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Biomedical and Physical Sciences Bldg.,
Michigan State University

Email: m.romanov@kent.ac.uk
United States, East Lansing, MI 48824

E. M. Tuttle

The Center for Genomic Advocacy, Department of Biology, Indiana State University

Email: m.romanov@kent.ac.uk
United States, Terre Haute, IN 47809

R. A. Gonser

The Center for Genomic Advocacy, Department of Biology, Indiana State University

Email: m.romanov@kent.ac.uk
United States, Terre Haute, IN 47809

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