Клеточная коррекция радиационного поражения в эксперименте

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Аннотация

Применение стволовых клеток и внеклеточных везикул рассматривается как перспективное направление в военной и гражданской медицине при лечении острой лучевой болезни, что обусловлено их выраженными гистофизиологическими эффектами. Цель данного обзора — обобщить экспериментальные данные о возможностях использования стволовых клеток и их внеклеточных везикул при радиационном поражении. Проведён систематический обзор эффективности трансплантации различного типа клеток (мезенхимальных, гемопоэтических и нейральных стволовых клеток, а также клеток-предшественниц) и внеклеточных везикул при радиационном поражении в эксперименте. В анализ включены 13 русскоязычных и 96 иностранных публикаций за период с января 2002 по апрель 2024 г.

В обзоре представлена информация о клеточных эффектах при лечении лучевой болезни в эксперименте и при местном лучевом поражении в дозах от 1 Гр до 110 Гр. Обобщены данные о терапевтическом действии стволовых клеток и внеклеточных везикул, связанном с воздействием на ниши стволовых клеток. Показано, что основным механизмом такой терапии является паракринный эффект, опосредованный внеклеточными везикулами. Паракринное действие способствует увеличению выживаемости эндогенных стволовых клеток и снижает уровень апоптоза в них. После применения такой терапии продемонстрировано увеличение выживаемости животных при костномозговой и кишечной формах лучевой болезни и более быстрое восстановление при местном лучевом поражении.

В последние десятилетия в фокусе внимания исследователей находится трансплантация мезенхимальных стромальных клеток, которые обладают эффективностью по отношению к гематологическому, кишечному и церебральному синдромам острой лучевой болезни. Их эффект реализуется через снижение воспаления и коррекцию микроокружения эндогенных стволовых клеток, что увеличивает их выживаемость и снижает уровень апоптоза.

Об авторах

Владимир Владимирович Криштоп

Военно-медицинская академия им. С.М. Кирова

Email: chrishtop@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-9267-5800
SPIN-код: 3734-5479

кандидат медицинских наук

Россия, Санкт-Петербург

Павел Степанович Пащенко

Военно-медицинская академия им. С.М. Кирова

Email: pashchenkops@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0009-0007-4987-9262
SPIN-код: 1035-3261

доктор медицинских наук, профессор

Россия, Санкт-Петербург

Алексей Владимирович Анисин

Военно-медицинская академия им. С.М. Кирова

Email: av.anisin@mail.ru

кандидат медицинских наук

Россия, Санкт-Петербург

Татьяна Сергеевна Спирина

Санкт-Петербургский государственный университет; Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр им. В.А. Алмазова

Автор, ответственный за переписку.
Email: ScoX1@rambler.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-1188-7204
SPIN-код: 1048-9599

кандидат биологических наук

Россия, Санкт-Петербург; Санкт-Петербург

Мария Георгиевна Гайворонская

Санкт-Петербургский государственный университет; Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр им. В.А. Алмазова

Email: solnushko12@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-4992-9702
SPIN-код: 2357-5440

доктор медицинских наук, доцент

Россия, Санкт-Петербург; Санкт-Петербург

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