Legal protection of human life and health in the process of using artificial intelligence

The Russian Federation, within the framework of the experimental legal regime, has begun testing automated vehicles controlled by artificial intelligence systems in real conditions. Self-driving cars have become full-fledged road users in Moscow. In special legal regimes created for the operation of artificial intelligence systems, some federal laws and by-laws do not apply, which reduces the legal guarantees of human rights. The article considers the situation when this poses a threat to the right to life and human health. During operation of a source of increased danger, the developer and the user are based on the likelihood of harm to the third parties. Similar situations will occur with automated vehicles. This means that an unmanned vehicle will have to make decisions on whom to hit. The ethical and legal dilemma when artificial intelligence chooses a person, whom it will harm, is not resolved in the domestic law. There is no doubt that such issues should be reflected in the machine code of any information system. To do this, the actions of the creator of artificial intelligence systems should be regulated by law. The author proposes a classification of artificial intelligence systems, which will create three models of legal regulation: systems regulated by “soft” law, systems regulated by machine-readable law, systems on the use of which a temporary moratorium has been introduced. The implementation of these proposals will contribute to the protection of human life and health in the process of using artificial intelligence without a negative effect on the development of digital technology.

unmanned vehicle, highly automated vehicle, artificial intelligence, robot, robo-law, machine-readable law, “soft” law, moratorium on the use of artificial intelligence, classification of artificial intelligence systems, cyber-physical system