Local Muon Density Spectra at Various Zenith Angles Measured with NEVOD-DECOR

Abstract

Data on cosmic ray muon bundles accumulated at the NEVOD-DECOR complex over the period from May 2012 to December 2018 have been analyzed. Local muon density spectra at various zenith angles have been reconstructed and compared with CORSIKA-based simulations. At large zenith angles and high muon multiplicities corresponding to primary particle energies more than about 3 × 10¹⁷ eV an excess of multi-muon events compared to simulations is clearly seen. Present data are compatible with the expectation for recent LHC-adjusted hadron interaction models only under assumption of extremely heavy (iron group nuclei) primary composition. The assumption of a heavy composition is however in contradiction with other EAS observables, such as maximum depth and its fluctuations.