Formation of Superheavy Elements: Study Based on Dynamical Approach

Abstract

Using multi-dimensional Langevin equations for the probability distribution of the distance between the surfaces of two approaching nuclei, we have studied the formation of superheavy elements via calculation of evaporation and fission cross sections of these elements. Evaporation residue cross sections have been calculated for the 1n, 2n, 3n, 4n, and 5n evaporation channels using one and four dimensional Langevin equations for the ⁴⁸Ca+²²⁶Ra, ²³²Th, ²³⁸U, ²³⁷Np, ^{239,240,242,244}Pu, ²⁴³Am, ^245,248Cm, ²⁴⁹Bk, and ²⁴⁹Cf reactions. Our results show that with increasing dimension of Langevin equations the evaporation residue cross section is increased. Also, obtained results based on fourdimensional Langevin are in better agreement with experimental data in comparison with one-dimensional model.