The SHiP Experiment: Search for New Physics in the Neutrino Sector

Аннотация

The SHiP experiment (for Search for Hidden Particles) which will operate at the CERN Super Proton Synchrotron (SPS) is one of the most promising projects in the field of particle physics. The SPS 400-GeV/c proton beam will be dumped onto the molybdenum–tungsten target of the SHiP detector, and the data corresponding to 2 × 10²⁰ protons on the target will be accumulated in five years of running. The experiment is aimed at a search for very weakly interacting neutral particles beyond the Standard Model framework referred to as novel physics particles: massive neutral leptons, axions, and “dark” photons. Possible existence of such particles can help explain such firmly established phenomena as the baryon asymmetry of the Universe, nonzero neutrino masses, and the presence of dark matter. Beyond that, the experimental program envisages extensive studies in neutrino physics. In particular, we aim at directly detecting the tau antineutrino—the only Standard Model particle which until now has escaped experimental detection. The envisaged search for the right-handed neutrino partners is particularly interesting: theoretically, their existence can help explain some observed phenomena not predicted by the Standard Model. Experimental investigations in the fields of tau-neutrino interactions (as the least studied sector of neutrino physics) and production of charmed particles and a search for interactions of particles of light dark matter will be carried out with a neutrino detector based on relativistic nuclear emulsion. The τ^- and τ⁺ production events will be discriminated (whereby the production of tau antineutrinos will be directly detected) using special magnets developed for the SHiP emulsion detector. Presently, a prototype of the emulsion detector as a key element of the SHiP neutrino detector is being simulated, constructed, and tested. The nuclear-emulsion technology provides a record-high spatial resolution as required for detecting charged particles with extremely short lifetimes. The nuclear-emulsion data will be processed with the advanced automatic equipment available at the participating laboratories. Efficient scanning of large areas on nuclear emulsion relies on modern scanning equipment such as the PAVICOM measuring complex developed at the Lebedev Physical Institute. Thereby, one can efficiently process the data collected with any track detectors, including those irradiated by accelerator beams. On the whole, the construction of the SHiP detector poses a number of nontrivial physical and technical problems addressed by physicists from 62 laboratories operating in 16 countries.