Том 59, № 6 (2016)

Attention focuses here on methods of coal processing that require minimal quantities of water and yield products that may be effectively used as commercial and secondary raw materials. In the heat treatment of coals associated with semicoking, the accompanying physicochemical transformation of the coal significantly affects its potential for further processing. In semicoking, the filtration system within the coal pieces changes. The initial coal sample contains phytopores of equivalent diameter d_e up to 0.22 μm. More than 54% of these are pores smaller than 10 μm, mainly (65%) of slot and disk form. A small proportion (10%) of supercapillary cavities (d_e > 0.1 μm) is also observed. After heat treatment, the content of small pores is sharply reduced to 10% (450°C semicoke) and 6.6% (550°C semicoke)–that is, almost sixfold–while the content of supercapillary cavities is increased approximately fourfold (in 550°C semicoke).

The traditional chemical framework for determining the air excess in the heating of coke furnaces is discussed. In determining the air excess, no account is taken of numerous chemical reactions associated with the combustion of the fuel gas in the heating channels. In fact, it is necessary to determine combustion products other than oxygen, carbon monoxide, and carbon dioxide: specifically, hydrogen, methane, nitrogen oxides, and sulfide. The formula for the air excess must therefore be corrected to include the content of those components.

This review covers research at AO Vostochnyi Nauchno–Issledovatel’skii Uglekhimicheskii Institut (VUKhIN) over the past 50 years on the extraction of tar and naphthalene in the primary cooling of coke–oven gas and also on related topics such as the conditioning of coal tar and the cooling of ammonia liquor in surface heat exchangers. Some laboratory results that were not published during the author’s lifetime are presented here for the first time.

The use of a drum chute instead of the regular chute is proposed in coke sorting prior to classification. A method of calculating the optimal drum dimensions is outlined. The drum’s inclination is plotted as a function of the required number of drum rotations to which the coke is subjected. A simplified method is considered for determining the number of drum rotations to which the coke must be subjected in order to meet specified quality requirements.