Том 59, № 9 (2016)

Functional relations between the parameters of the organic system and external factors are established. The following parameters of the organic system are considered: the petrographic composition of the coal’s organic mass, expressed as the ratio of newly formed components F/Vt; the ash content A^d; and the concentration of microelements in the coal. The external factors considered are the partial pressure \({p_{{O_2}}}\) of pfree oxygen (in aerobic conditions), the oxygen activity [O₂] (in anaerobic conditions), and the activity of HCl^–, HS^–, and Cl^– in the infiltrating aqueous solution. The microelement content in the coal’s organic mass is determined from the concentrations in the infiltrating solution that reaches the organic system. The influence of the petrographic composition and the ash content of the coal on its microelement concentration is assessed. The characteristics of the mic roelements and their removal from associations in paragenesis are discussed.

The operation of electrochemical gas analyzers in coke-battery monitoring is considered. The sealing of the battery’s heating system may affect the readings of the gas analyzer. The presence of free hydrogen in the combustion products distorts the readings of the CO cell in the absence of hydrogen compensation. For reasons of reliability, calculation of the SO₂ concentration is recommended.

Improved efficiency of aspiration systems in coal preparation shop (CPS) for dust capture during the unloading of coal due to the application of the surfactant solution. Selected optimum pattern of the surfactant and its concentration of the solution.

Mesoporous carbon adsorbent may be produced from carbon black and petroleum pitch by high-temperature roasting (at 1100°C) and subsequent steam activation. The samples obtained are compared with samples roasted at 700°C, with losses of 5–70 wt %. It is found that raising the roasting temperature increases the mesopore surface by a factor of 1.5–2.5 (to 200–300 m²/g) and reduces the micropore volume by a factor of 1.5–3.0. The adsorbent obtained may be effectively used in extracting materials from solution.

Continual monitoring of the ash content is required in fuel processing. The traditional thermogravitational method of determining the ash content is not suitable for use on a large scale, since the analysis is laborious, slow, and destructive. The gamma-albedo method lacks the disadvantages of the standard method and provides results of satisfactory accuracy if the chemical composition of the fuel’s mineral component is relatively constant. In the present work, attention centers on the possibility of express determination of coke’s ash content on the basis of the albedo of low-energy gamma radiation from the Fe-55 radionuclide, with corrections for the variable chemical composition—in particular, fluctuations in the calcium concentration in the ash-forming part of the fuel. To take the perturbing action of calcium into account, the X-ray fluorescence of calcium is measured. The ash content is assessed on the basis of the integral intensity of secondary radiation due to the γ-ray scattering and fluorescence of the calcium. It is clear that artificial attenuation of the secondary radiation is required, in view of the qualitatively different changes in intensity of the fluorescence and scattered radiation as a function of the calcium concentration and also the complex dependence of the integral intensity of the secondary radiation on the ash content. A model is proposed for optimizing the thickness of the attenuating filter so as to ensure equal and opposite changes in the intensity of the fluorescence and scattered radiation with variation in calcium concentration. Recommendations are made for practical application of the proposed method, in terms of the attainment of satisfactory accuracy with fluctuation in the ash content and the composition of the mineral mass. The basic metrological characteristics of the traditional and proposed methods are presented, along with the results of experimental trials.

The environmental risk due to atmospheric pollution from coke plants is assessed for both organized and unorganized sources of emissions in the byproduct-capture, benzene-rectification, and tar-processing shops and the system for biochemical wastewater treatment. It is found that 19.4% of all the organized sources correspond to acceptable levels of chronic noncarcinogenic environmental risk; 30% to high risk; and 50.6% to very high risk. A system of hydraulic breather valves is proposed for utilization of the emissions in the byproduct-cap ture shop. For the tar-processing and benzene-rectification shops, delivery of the emissions to the direct coke-oven gas line is recommended. For the emissions from the biochemical wastewater treatment system, collection and purification by sorption and biochemical treatment is proposed.