Vol 44, No 9 (2019)

Radiation effects for different types of aerosol on the territory of Eurasia are estimated using modern aerosol climatologies Tegen and MACv2. Differences in the optical properties of aerosol in the mentioned climatologies in different natural zones as compared to the AERONET ground-based observation network are revealed. It is shown that aerosol climatologies reproduce annual variations with good accuracy for continental and mineral aerosol. Differences in the MACv2 are smaller on average than in the Tegen. The CLIRAD(FC05)-SW radiation algorithm was applied to calculate the values of total shortwave radiation using different aerosol climatologies. The errors of calculations are estimated for the selected observation stations. The deviation of the calculation results from measurement data does not exceed 25 W/m². The COSMO-Ru mesoscale model is used to analyze the sensitivity of surface air temperature prediction to radiation aerosol effects which varies in the range of 0.7–1.1 °C per 100 W/m² for different aerosol types.

The description of the ocean-atmosphere coupling is presented. The paper analyzes the data of MERRA, JRA, ERA-Interim, and ERA-20Century reanalyses and the re suits of CCM chemistry-climate model simulations based on monthly mean values of air temperature and ozone mixing ratio at the levels of 925 and 20 hPa during 1980–2015. The comparison with data on sea surface temperature is provided. The results of simula-ion are in good agreement with reanalysis data for the atmospheric surface layer, whereas essential differences for the stratosphere require a more detailed analysis. According to the model results, air temperature rises in the surface layer, and air temperature and ozone mixing ratio decrease in the stratosphere. Reanalysis data do not coniradict simuiaiion results for the troposphere but differ significantly for the stratosphere.

A methodological approach is developed to the analysis of long-term series of observations of hydrological characteristics including the testing of the hypothesis of randomness both for the full series and for their parts; the diagnosis of intraseries dependence of time series; the testing of the hypothesis of homogeneity of the parts of observations series under comparison; the identification of change points. Statistically significant changes in the dates of river ice formation in the Votkinsk Reservoir catchment were revealed for the periods of 1975–2012 and 1983–2012, whereas the entire observation period (1936–2012) did not reveal such changes. A possibility of localization of change points for the observation series was assessed using the inversion test.

The Landsat-8 wintertime satellite imagery is analyzed to map the land surface temperature for the Western Tannu-Ola Range located in the southwestern part of the Tyva Republic. The analysis of spectral characteristics of the landscape cover allowed identifying the altitudinal and zonal complexes. The result of satellite imagery processing for January 20 and 29, 2017 is presented in the form of the map of surface temperature for the vegetation (landscape) cover of the range. The land surface temperature map shows that the land surface is significantly cooled in January due to the Siberian High. The mapped January values of temperature varied from −13 to −36°C. The map clearly demonstrates the temperature inversion in the mountain-hollow terrain as well as the edge of different-colored temperature shades corresponding to the vegetation of different altitudinal and zonal complexes. The mutual interference of temperature contours and the introduction of mountain steppes along the northern and southern macroslopes are typical of the altitudinal zonation caused by the mountain terrain.

The review is based on the results of the operation of the system of total ozone (TO) monitoring over Russia and neighboring territories that functions in the operational mode at the Ceniral Aerological Observatory (CAO). The monitoring system uses data from the national network equipped with M-124 filter ozonometers being under the methodological supervision of the Main Geophysical Observatory. The quality of the entire system functioning is operationally controlled by the comparison with the observations obtained from the OMI satellite equipment (NASA, USA). Basic TO observation data are generalized for each month of the second quarter of 2019 and for the second quarter. Data of routine observations of surface ozone values in the Moscow region and Crimea are also considered.