The structure of disability due to malignant neoplasms of the reproductive system in terms of severity in the comparative aspect of the medical and social characteristics of women with disabilities

BACKGROUND: Malignant neoplasms, while continuing to occupy the leading position among the causes of disability worldwide, are a medical and social problem in the Russian Federation. Malignant neoplasms of the reproductive system are the leading cause of morbidity among women. Persistent impairment of body functions caused by malignant neoplasms often leads to capacity limitations, necessitating social protection (disability). Additionally, the epidemiology of malignant neoplasms has reviled manifestation of regional features.

OBJECTIVE: The study aimed to analyze the indicators characterizing medical and social aspects of disability resulting from gynecological malignant neoplasms in different cohorts of women with disability in the Chechen Republic.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Units of observation: contingents of people with disability due to cervical, uterine, and ovarian cancers among the adult population of the Chechen Republic. The analysis was carried out after the distribution of the participants into first, second, and third disability groups, considering severity of the disability. The study period: 2014–2020. Research methods: documentary, data copying, and statistical analysis.

RESULTS: For the structure of disability due to cervical and uterine cancer, there was an increase in the number of people with disability in the third group. In contrast, in the contingent of people with disability due to ovarian cancer, there was a negative trend in the increase in the number of people with disability in the second group (p < 0.0001). Elderly and middle age people with disability predominated in terms of physical labor. The main type of dysfunction observe was of the blood and immune system. Mobility impairments of the second and third degree were more common in the cohorts of patients with disability due to cervical cancer. The inability to conduct second degree self-care was common in ovarian cancer and of the third degree self-care in uterine cancer. The proportion of people with second degree of disability was practically the same in the cohorts of people with disability. In contrast, the extensive indicator of third degree disability was higher in the cohort of people with disability due to cervical cancer.

CONCLUSION: The results of the study made it possible to define medical and social characteristic of people with disability due to malignant neoplasms of the reproductive system in the Chechen Republic. This scientific and practical database of persistent health disorders of the female population with a distribution based on the severity of disabling oncopathology, when used within the framework of the regional aspect of health protection, will allow the development of rational and effective diagnosis, treatment, and rehabilitation measures, which will contribute to the medical and social prevention of disability.