Факторы, влияющие на выбор реабилитационных мероприятий для инвалида с последствиями острого нарушения мозгового кровообращения
- Авторы: Хохлова О.И.1, Васильченко Е.М.1, Денисова Я.А.1
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Учреждения:
- Новокузнецкий научно-практический центр медико-социальной экспертизы и реабилитации инвалидов
- Выпуск: Том 28, № 1 (2025)
- Страницы: 39-52
- Раздел: Научный обзор
- URL: https://journal-vniispk.ru/1560-9537/article/view/316985
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.17816/MSER678644
- ID: 316985
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Аннотация
Острое нарушение мозгового кровообращения (ОНМК) сопровождается широким спектром долгосрочных инвалидизирующих функциональных нарушений и ограничений жизнедеятельности, что обусловливает необходимость индивидуального подхода к формированию оптимального комплекса реабилитационных мероприятий для инвалида с последствиями ОНМК с целью рационального использования ресурсов и повышения эффективности реабилитации.
Анализ литературных данных позволил выделить факторы, усложняющие реабилитацию инвалидов с последствиями ОНМК и определяющие их реабилитационный потенциал: основной — когнитивный статус; вспомогательные — возраст, уровень двигательных нарушений, наличие афазии (в частности, способность понимать инструкции), психоэмоциональное состояние. Эти факторы (предварительно закодированные в соответствующие категории МКФ) были использованы в алгоритме отнесения инвалида с последствиями ОНМК к определённой реабилитационной группе для формирования комплекса реабилитационных мероприятий. Предложены инструменты измерения для оценки обозначенных категорий и критерии отнесения инвалида к реабилитационной группе.
Разработанный алгоритм позволяет сформулировать реалистичную цель реабилитации и сформировать для её достижения адекватный комплекс реабилитационных мероприятий, соответствующий возможностям и способностям инвалида. У инвалидов, не имеющих когнитивных нарушений, предполагается высокий реабилитационный потенциал и благоприятный реабилитационный прогноз, что позволяет установить амбициозную цель реабилитации и использовать при этом любые доступные методы реабилитации с предпочтением активных. Чем хуже показатели когнитивных функций, тем более низкий реабилитационный потенциал инвалида предполагается и тем более реалистичная цель формулируется; при этом предпочтение отдаётся пассивным методам реабилитации с использованием адаптированных к когнитивным способностям пациента способов и привлечением родственников инвалида к реабилитационному процессу.
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Ольга Ивановна Хохлова
Новокузнецкий научно-практический центр медико-социальной экспертизы и реабилитации инвалидов
Автор, ответственный за переписку.
Email: root@reabil-nk.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-3069-5686
SPIN-код: 2386-7820
д-р мед. наук
Россия, 654055, г. Новокузнецк, ул. Малая, д. 7Елена Михайловна Васильченко
Новокузнецкий научно-практический центр медико-социальной экспертизы и реабилитации инвалидов
Email: root@reabil-nk.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-9025-4060
SPIN-код: 8910-2615
д-р мед. наук, доцент
Россия, НовокузнецкЯна Анатольевна Денисова
Новокузнецкий научно-практический центр медико-социальной экспертизы и реабилитации инвалидов
Email: root@reabil-nk.ru
ORCID iD: 0009-0005-7670-7701
SPIN-код: 3338-2163
Россия, Новокузнецк
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