The effect of physical activity at different levels of intensity on some biochemical parameters in visceral organs in experimental animals

Introduction. The direction and severity of adaptive and maladaptive reactions largely determines the state of gas exchange, synthetic and excretory functions of the organism. The study of biochemical parameters directly in the organs responsible for these functions expands the understanding of the mechanisms for the development and failure of adaptation under the influence of physical exertion, substantiates therapeutic approaches to the conditions associated with the development of physical overstrain.

The aim of the study is to investigate the indices of lipid peroxidation, antioxidant protection and cholesterol metabolism in the tissues of visceral organs at moderate and maximal physical load.

Materials and methods. A parallel study of key parameters characterizing the state of lipid peroxidation, antioxidant protection and cholesterol metabolism in lung, liver and kidney tissues of 24 male white rats was carried out. The animals were divided into 3 groups of 8 each: control, 1^st - moderate swimming load (20 minutes), 2^nd - maximum swimming load (90 minutes).

Results. The patterns of metabolic changes in lung, liver and kidney tissues depending on the intensity of muscular activity in the form of compensated oxidative stress and the presence of a slight tendency to decrease the cholesterol content at moderate exercise, and decompensated oxidative stress, against the background of a significant increase in cholesterol content, at maximum exercise were established. In the lung tissue the phenomena of oxidative stress are expressed to the greatest extent (diene conjugates compared to control are 2.9 times higher, TBA active products are 3.1 times higher; the value of total antioxidant activity is lower by 25.5%; p=0.008, antiradical activity by 22.6%; p<0.001). The increase in cholesterol content during exposure to maximal swimming load is most significant in kidney tissue (higher by 50.9%; p<0.001).

Conclusion. Physical overstrain is accompanied by the development of decompensated oxidative stress and atherogenesis phenomena, which is confirmed by reliable changes in the indicators characterizing the state of oxidant balance against the background of an increase in cholesterol content. Performance of moderate physical load is characterized by the presence of weakly expressed compensated oxidative stress and the presence of a tendency to favorable changes in the state of lipid metabolism. The results of the study justify the use of antioxidant and hypolipidemic preparations in conditions associated with physical overstrain.