卷 23, 编号 4 (2023)
Articles
Search for low-melting functional electrolytes in a four-component reciprocal system Na⁺, Rb⁺, Cs⁺ || F⁻, NO₃⁻
摘要
The division of the four-component reciprocal system Na+, Rb+, Cs+ || F−, NO3− into stable elements was carried out for the first time. The phase tree, confirmed by the experimental data from the differential thermal analysis, was constructed. The chemical interaction in a yet unexplored faceting element, i. e. in the three-component reciprocal system Na+, Cs+ || F−, NO3−, and in the four-component reciprocal system was studied. Phase equilibria in the three-component reciprocal system Na+, Cs+ || F−, NO3− and in the stable tetrahedron NaF-NaNO3-RbNO3-CsNO3 of the four-component reciprocal system Na+, Rb+, Cs+ || F−, NO3– were experimentally studied. The calculation-graphical method to predict the melting temperature in the stable elements of the four-component reciprocal system Na+, Rb+, Cs+ || F−, NO3− by describing the lower and the upper boundaries of properties according to the data of the one-, two- and three-component systems was used. The obtained compositions of eutectic alloys can be used as low-melting electrolytes for chemical cells, heat-storing materials, heat-storage mediums, melt-solvents of inorganic substances and as a reference material.
Electrochemical Energetics. 2023;23(4):167-187
167-187
NiO/C-based anodes for lithium-ion current sources
摘要
Nowadays, the active search for an anode material, which can be used in lithium-ion current sources, takes place. The potential anode materials are transition metal oxides (SnO2, NiO and others). In this work, submicron NiO powder was obtained using the thermal decomposition of Ni(CH3COO)2⋅4H2O. Besides, a NiO/C composite anode was fabricated and its behavior in the anode half-cell of lithium-ion current source was studied during multiple cycling. The workability of the anode material was shown and its main energy characteristics were determined. The discharge capacity of the NiO/C anode was 355 mA⋅h/g at the current of C/10 and Coulomb efficiency was 99–100% after 40 cycles.
Electrochemical Energetics. 2023;23(4):188-196
188-196
Physical and chemical properties of lithium perchlorate and tetrafluoroborate solutions in the mixture of sulpholane and sulfurous anhydride
摘要
The temperature dependencies of physical and chemical properties (viscosity, density, electrical conductivity) and the melting temperature of 1M solutions of lithium salts (LiClO4 and LiBF4) in the mixture of sulfolane and sulfurous anhydride (∼1M) were studied. It was shown that the introduction of 1M (5% wt.) of sulfurous anhydride into 1M solutions of LiClO4 and LiBF4 in sulfolane increased the specific and corrected electrical conductivity, densities, activation energy of electrical conductivity and viscous flow of electrolyte solutions; and reduced viscosity and melting temperatures.
Electrochemical Energetics. 2023;23(4):197-206
197-206
On the influence of the carbon material surface fraction determined by porosity on the linearity of the charge-discharge characteristics of DLSC
摘要
The electrical and chemical characteristics of nanocomposite materials based on carbon black for double-layer supercapacitors were investigated. It was shown that the highest values of the specific capacitive characteristics were obtained for carbon material SP4 which has the largest specific surface area (total capacity 228 F/g, reversible capacity 162 F/g). The results obtained in the work show the relevance of the problem under consideration and the necessity to continue the research to supplement the obtained experimental data for the pore distribution of materials in order to determine the influence of porosity on the physical and chemical characteristics.
Electrochemical Energetics. 2023;23(4):207-216
207-216