痉挛性双瘫患儿康复方法的比较疗效研究: 疗养环境中多通道肌电刺激与水中运动疗法的应用
- 作者: Osmanov E.A.1
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隶属关系:
- Research Institute of Children’s Resort, Physiotherapy and Medical Rehabilitation
- 期: 卷 24, 编号 4 (2025)
- 页面: 295-304
- 栏目: Original studies
- URL: https://journal-vniispk.ru/1681-3456/article/view/314416
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.17816/rjpbr680137
- EDN: https://elibrary.ru/BWMKZG
- ID: 314416
如何引用文章
详细
论证。脑瘫(cerebral palsy, CP)是儿童运动障碍的主要病因,其中痉挛性双瘫型最为常见,患病率为每千名儿童中约2–3例。尽管疗养康复(resort-based treatment, RBT)已广泛用于本病管理,将其与现代康复手段相结合的方案尚研究不足,尤其缺乏相关方法的对比疗效与远期效果的数据。
目的。比较在RBT基础上分别联合水中运动疗法、多通道肌电刺激、振动治疗及负重治疗性体育锻炼(physical therapy, PT)时,对8–13岁痉挛性双瘫患儿(GMFCS I–III)短期与远期(6个月)康复效果的差异。
材料与方法。本前瞻性、非随机对照研究在国家疗养院环境中开展。受试者(n=185)分为5组:主组(RBT+水中运动疗法,n=45),三组对照组(分别为RBT+肌电刺激、振动治疗、负重训练,各n=30),以及对照组(RBT,n=50)。干预包括:水中运动(30分钟/次,34–36 °C)、多通道肌电刺激(20–30分钟,10–150 Hz)、振动治疗(50 Hz,每区域3–5分钟)、负重训练(负重为体重的1–5%)。主要结局指标为肌张力(Ashworth量表)下降和运动功能(GMFM评分)改善。评估在第1天、第21天及6个月时分别通过临床量表、稳定测量和肌电图完成。
结果。所有受试者均完成治疗。各组在年龄(10.2±1.5岁)、性别(51%为男童)及GMFCS分布(I级:38–43%,II级:33–40%,III级:23–26%)方面具有可比性(p >0.05)。 肌电刺激组(Ashworth评分Δ=-25%,p<0.001,d=0.68)下降幅度最大,相较于单纯对照组(Δ=-5%,p=0.280)。第二组GMFM评分提升最显著(Δ=+22%,p=0.002,d=0.89),显著优于水中运动疗法(Δ=+18%,p=0.001)和PT(Δ=+13%,p=0.018)的疗效。振动治疗与平衡能力下降相关(PBS评分Δ=-0.49,p=0.062)。在GMFCS II级亚组(n=72)中,痉挛程度的降低与稳定性提升呈正相关(r=0.62,p=0.011)。未观察到不良事件。
结论。在RBT基础上,多通道肌电刺激与水中运动疗法在降低痉挛性双瘫患儿的肌张力和改善运动功能方面表现出更佳效果;相比之下,振动治疗的参数设置尚需重新评估。研究结果证实将这些方法纳入临床康复指南的合理性,但其对重度脑瘫患儿(GMFCS IV–V)的长期疗效及适应性仍有待进一步研究。
作者简介
Ernest A. Osmanov
Research Institute of Children’s Resort, Physiotherapy and Medical Rehabilitation
编辑信件的主要联系方式.
Email: spaun55@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-3022-0269
SPIN 代码: 1038-7777
MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine)
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