电邮这篇文章 重金属污染野生蘑菇和浆果对公众健康造成一般毒性影响的风险评估
- 作者: Stepovaia D.A.1, Unguryanu T.N.1
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隶属关系:
- Northern State Medical University
- 期: 卷 31, 编号 1 (2024)
- 页面: 77-88
- 栏目: ORIGINAL STUDY ARTICLES
- URL: https://journal-vniispk.ru/1728-0869/article/view/264854
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.17816/humeco624154
- ID: 264854
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详细
论证。减少食品化学污染造成的不可接受的风险威胁是确保居民食品安全的主要目标之一。野生蘑菇和浆果会从环境中积累重金属，食用后会影响人体健康。
目的。评估食用野生蘑菇和浆果对阿尔汉格尔斯克州成年人健康造成一般毒性影响的风险。
材料与方法。通过问卷调查（n=445）研究了阿尔汉格尔斯克州成年人食用蘑菇和浆果的数量和频率。污染蘑菇和浆果的重金属摄入量是按照四种情况进行计算。使用危险商数 (HQ) 对暴露于汞、砷、铅和镉的情况下产生一般毒性效应的风险进行了定性。为评估对关键器官和系统的非致癌影响风险，采用了单向物质危害指数（HI）。定量数据以中位数（Me）、中位数的 95% 置信区间（95% CI）、第 90 百分位数（P90）表示。
结果。大多数受访者自己在阿尔汉格尔斯克州境内采集蘑菇（82%）和浆果（70%）。他们平均每周食用 180 克新鲜或冷冻浆果、133 克浆果果酱（果汁、果酱）、50 克蘑菇汤或煮蘑菇/炒蘑菇。所有重金属的 HQ 值均不超过 1.0。根据蘑菇和浆果的平均食用量以及野生植物重金属污染的平均水平计算出的 HI 值不超过 1.0。如果食用大量蘑菇（P90 - 417 克/周）和浆果（P90 - 900 克/周），且其重金属污染水平较高，则会增加内分泌系统（HI=2.27）、循环系统（HI=2.0）和消化系统（HI=2.0）、神经和免疫系统（HI 为 1.81）以及肾脏（HI=1.25）产生一般毒性影响的风险。研究发现，在平均污染水平下，可以不受限制地食用森林蘑菇和浆果。如果蘑菇和浆果的重金属污染程度较高（P90），则不建议每天食用超过 400 克的森林蘑菇和 650 克的森林浆果。
结论。大量食用野生蘑菇和浆果以及重金属暴露上限会增加对内分泌、神经、免疫系统、循环和消化器官产生一般毒性影响的风险。
作者简介
Daria Stepovaia
Northern State Medical University
Email: stepovaia.d.a@gmail.com
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-1512-9838
SPIN 代码: 8759-1012
俄罗斯联邦, 51 Troitsky avenue, 163000, Arkhangelsk
Tatiana Unguryanu
Northern State Medical University
编辑信件的主要联系方式.
Email: unguryanu_tn@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-8936-7324
SPIN 代码: 7358-1674
MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Associate Professor
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