Analysis of research directions on the application of respiratory gas mixtures in extreme medicine

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Abstract

AIM: To analyze the trends and structure of Russian scientific research on the application of respiratory gas mixtures in extreme medicine.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: A literature search was conducted in the Russian Science Citation Index, identifying 788 Russian publications from 2006 to 2023 on the application of respiratory gas mixtures in extreme medicine. A total of 513 (65.1%) articles from peer-reviewed journals, 118 (15.0%) conference materials, 108 (13.7%) patents for inventions and utility models, and 45 (5.7%) dissertation abstracts were selected. Publications were categorized into the sections of a developed classification system. Diseases for which respiratory gas mixtures were used in treatment and rehabilitation were classified according to the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10). The evolution of research directions was assessed using time series analysis and a second-order polynomial trend calculation across technical, biological, physiological, medical, and psychological sciences, as well as for different gas mixtures.

RESULTS: General aspects of respiratory gas mixtures were discussed in 1.5% of studies, technical issues in 8.7%, biological aspects in 13.7%, physiological aspects in 33.7%, medical applications in 40.2%, and psychological aspects in 2.2%. An increasing trend in publications across these domains was observed. Among the analyzed studies, xenon was included in 47.3% of gas mixtures, helium in 19.4%, increased and decreased oxygen content in 11.5% and 9.7%, respectively, and other gases in 12.1%. A growing trend in the use of xenon and helium in respiratory gas mixtures was identified. In 53.2% of technical science studies, devices for generating pharmaceutical substances from respiratory gas mixtures were examined. In 34.9% of biological studies, biomarkers of respiratory gas mixture exposure in animal models were analyzed. In 55.5% of physiological studies, the effects of respiratory gas mixtures on optimizing functional state and performance in extreme professions were examined, including athletes (44.3%), seafarers (29.1%), pilots (5.5%), and firefighters and rescue workers (21.1%). In medical research, 78.3% of studies focused on evaluating treatment effectiveness.

CONCLUSION: Overall, a positive effect has been observed from the use of inert gases in respiratory gas mixtures for improving the functional state of patients with specific conditions and increasing stress resistance in professionals working in extreme conditions. At the same time, further research is needed to study the effects of various respiratory gas mixtures on the bodies of animals and humans, the extraction of inert gases from the environment, and lowering their cost of production.

About the authors

Sergey S. Aleksanin

The Nikiforov Russian Center of Emergency and Radiation Medicine

Email: aleks.serg@rambler.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-6998-1669
SPIN-code: 1256-5967

MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor

Russian Federation, St. Petersburg

Vladimir I. Evdokimov

The Nikiforov Russian Center of Emergency and Radiation Medicine

Author for correspondence.
Email: 9334616@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-0771-2102
SPIN-code: 1692-4593
Scopus Author ID: 57197809577
ResearcherId: LVS-1625-2024

MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor

Russian Federation, St. Petersburg

Ilyas R. Klenkov

Kirov Military Medical Academy

Email: klen.ir@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-1465-1539
SPIN-code: 9827-8535

MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine)

Russian Federation, St. Petersburg

Viktor Y. Rybnikov

The Nikiforov Russian Center of Emergency and Radiation Medicine

Email: rvikirina@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-5527-9342
SPIN-code: 3720-0458

MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Dr. Sci. (Psychology), Professor

Russian Federation, St. Petersburg

Mihail S. Pluzhnik

Kirov Military Medical Academy

Email: pluzhnikms@yandex.ru
ORCID iD: 0009-0002-0535-533X
SPIN-code: 6513-3583
Russian Federation, St. Petersburg

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Supplementary files

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1. JATS XML
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2. Fig. 1. Dynamics of the number of publications studied (a) and the structure of the publications by types (b).

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3. Fig. 2. The dynamics of the number of studies on the use of gas breathing mixtures in technical and biological sciences (a), in physiological and medical sciences (b).

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4. Fig. 3. Dynamics of the number of studies on the use of xenon and helium (a) and oxygen with different contents (b) in gas breathing mixtures.

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5. Fig. 4. The structure of the use of gas breathing mixtures in medical work (a), the nomenclature of gas breathing mixtures (b), the treatment of nosologies (c).

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