Content of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids in diets of rural adolescents: association with lipid peroxidation processes

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Abstract

BACKGROUND: Balanced nutrition is a key component in the prevention of cardiovascular diseases. An adequate intake of fatty acids in the adolescent diet can contribute to resistance against adverse environmental factors. The activity of lipid peroxidation reactions and the antioxidant defense system serves as an indicator of the body’s resistance to adverse influences and its adaptive capacity. However, rural adolescents remain an understudied population.

AIM: To characterize the fatty acid composition of the diets, assess parameters of the lipid peroxidation–antioxidant defense system, and examine potential correlations between them in rural adolescents.

METHODS: A cross-sectional analysis was conducted among 76 adolescents (38 boys and 38 girls) aged 14–17 years residing in rural areas of Irkutsk Region. Actual dietary intake was assessed using the 24-hour dietary recall method and compared to established physiological requirements for energy and nutrients. Parameters of the lipid peroxidation–antioxidant defense system were evaluated using spectrophotometric and fluorometric methods.

RESULTS: The dietary status of rural adolescents was characterized by elevated intake of saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids and a deficiency in polyunsaturated omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids. Notably low intake levels were observed for monounsaturated (myristoleic, palmitoleic) and polyunsaturated (alpha-linolenic, arachidonic, docosahexaenoic, and eicosapentaenoic) fatty acids. Blood analyses in adolescents revealed elevated levels of secondary end products of lipid peroxidation, α-tocopherol, and reduced glutathione, along with decreased levels of primary products, total antioxidant activity, and retinol. Correlation analysis revealed associations between ketodienes and conjugated trienes and estimated dietary level of oleic acid; TBA-reactive substances and arachidonic acid; total antioxidant activity and caprylic and lauric acids; superoxide dismutase activity and estimated dietary level of docosahexaenoic; α-tocopherol and behenic acid. Multiple positive correlations were found between oxidized glutathione and estimated dietary level of caprylic, lauric, palmitic, and stearic acids, total monounsaturated fatty acids, palmitoleic acid, and oleic acid.

CONCLUSION: Estimated intake levels of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids help identify dietary deficiencies in rural adolescents and may be associated with high systemic lipid peroxidation activity.

About the authors

Marina A. Darenskaya

Scientific Centre for Family Health and Human Reproduction Problems

Author for correspondence.
Email: marina_darenskaya@inbox.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-3255-2013
SPIN-code: 3327-4213

Dr. Sci. (Biology), Professor of Russian Academy of Sciences

Russian Federation, 16 Timiryasev st, Irkutsk, 664003

Lyubov V. Rychkova

Scientific Centre for Family Health and Human Reproduction Problems

Email: rychkova.nc@gmail.com
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-2910-0737
SPIN-code: 1369-6575

MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor, Corresponding Member of Russian Academy of Sciences

Russian Federation, 16 Timiryasev st, Irkutsk, 664003

Tatyana A. Astakhova

Scientific Centre for Family Health and Human Reproduction Problems

Email: tatjana_astahova@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-1427-4734
SPIN-code: 3596-8613

MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine)

Russian Federation, 16 Timiryazeva str., Irkutsk, 664003

Anna V. Pogodina

Scientific Centre for Family Health and Human Reproduction Problems

Email: pogodina_av@inbox.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-8533-3119
SPIN-code: 6059-0340

MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine)

Russian Federation, 16 Timiryasev st, Irkutsk, 664003

Olga A. Dolgikh

Scientific Centre for Family Health and Human Reproduction Problems

Email: iphr@sbamsr.irk.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-2850-9066
Russian Federation, 16 Timiryasev st, Irkutsk, 664003

Yuliana N. Klimkina

Scientific Centre for Family Health and Human Reproduction Problems

Email: yuliana_29@mail.ru
SPIN-code: 5075-8560
Russian Federation, 16 Timiryasev st, Irkutsk, 664003

Natalya A. Yuzvak

Scientific Centre for Family Health and Human Reproduction Problems

Email: iuzvak.n@yandex.ru
ORCID iD: 0009-0007-9812-8836
SPIN-code: 1340-4457
Russian Federation, 16 Timiryasev st, Irkutsk, 664003

Lyubov I. Kolesnikova

Scientific Centre for Family Health and Human Reproduction Problems

Email: kolesnikova20121@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-3354-2992
SPIN-code: 1584-0281

MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor, Member of the Russian Academy of Sciences

Russian Federation, 16 Timiryasev st, Irkutsk, 664003

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