Somatic characteristics of older women in Yakutsk

BACKGROUND: The study of anthropometric and bioimpedance parameters in women across different age groups is essential for increasing life expectancy and improving the quality of life of older women.

AIM: To determine the anthropometric and bioimpedance parameters of middle-aged and older women living in Yakutsk.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Anthropometric and bioimpedance assessments were conducted in 82 women in Yakutsk, including 42 women in the second period of middle age and 40 older women engaged in wellness swimming. Bioimpedance analysis was performed using the ABC-01 Medass analyzer (Russia). Such biophysical parameters as active and reactive tissue resistance, phase angle, body composition (fat mass, skeletal muscle mass, lean mass, active cellular mass),hydration indicators (total body water, extracellular water, and intracellular water), and basal and specific metabolic rates were measured Statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS for Windows (version 22.0).

RESULTS: Older women exhibited significantly higher body weight, body mass index (BMI), and waist circumference compared to women in the second period of middle age. Additionally, women in Yakutia were found to have significantly smaller body dimensions (height, weight, and hip circumference) compared to women from the Saratov region and Krasnoyarsk Krai. Bioelectrical parameter analysis showed that older women had significantly lower active and reactive tissue resistance and phase angle values. They also demonstrated higher absolute and relative fat mass and absolute lean body mass. However, no statistically significant differences were observed in the absolute values of active cellular mass and skeletal muscle mass between the groups. Absolute values of total body water and intracellular water were significantly higher in older women than in middle-aged women.

CONCLUSION: This study identified significant differences in anthropometric and bioimpedance characteristics among women of different age groups. Age and ethnic factors should be considered when assessing women’s physical health and developing medical and social programs aimed at maintaining their well-being.