Post-COVID Trends of Health-Related Quality of Life in Hospitalized Patients With COVID-19
- Authors: Lakman I.A.1, Zagidullin N.S.2, Timiryanova V.M.1, Badykova E.A.2, Davtian P.A.2, Gareeva D.F.2, Islanov A.E.3, Shamuratov M.N.1
-
Affiliations:
- Ufa University of Science and Technology
- Bashkir State Medical University
- Bashkir State Agrarian University
- Issue: Vol 32, No 8 (2025)
- Pages: 598-609
- Section: ORIGINAL STUDY ARTICLES
- URL: https://journal-vniispk.ru/1728-0869/article/view/334314
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.17816/humeco679250
- EDN: https://elibrary.ru/HLVFDS
- ID: 334314
Cite item
Full Text
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Standardized questionnaires make it possible to track changes in patients’ health-related quality of life after COVID-19 and to identify long-term consequences of the disease.
AIM: The work aimed to evaluate the trends of physical and mental health in patients after hospitalization for COVID-19-associated pneumonia based on health-related quality indices.
METHODS: It was a cohort study with two-staged survey (2022 and 2024) using the international VR-12 questionnaire. The study included patients hospitalized at the Bashkir State Medical University Clinic (Ufa) in 2020 for moderate-to-severe COVID-19-associated pneumonia. Based on VR-12 responses, physical and mental component summary scores were calculated. Changes over time were assessed using the Wilcoxon test. Factors influencing index values at each study stage were identified using linear regression models.
RESULTS: The study included 134 patients who completed the VR-12 questionnaire. Between stage I and stage II, no statistically significant change was observed in the physical component summary score, which was 75 points [54.17; 91.67] (p=0.800). In contrast, a statistically significant decline was found in the mental component summary score at stage II compared with stage I, i.e. 68.33 [52.5; 79.17] vs. 75.83 [59.17; 85.83] points, respectively (p <0.001). Regression analysis demonstrated that the percentage of lung involvement at the time of hospitalization in 2020 for COVID-19-associated pneumonia significantly reduced patients’ self-assessed mental health in 2022 (p=0.045). By 2024, this effect persisted but was attenuated (p=0.072). Importantly, lung involvement had no effect on physical health indicators either 2 or 4 years after hospitalization for COVID-19.
CONCLUSION: The evaluation of health-related quality of life trends in patients after COVID-19-associated pneumonia showed that the consequences of moderate-to-severe disease persist for at least four years, manifested by a sustained reduction in self-reported mental health.
Full Text
##article.viewOnOriginalSite##About the authors
Irina A. Lakman
Ufa University of Science and Technology
Author for correspondence.
Email: Lackmania@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-9876-9202
SPIN-code: 4521-9097
Cand. Sci. (Engineering), Associate ProfessorRussian Federation, Ufa
Naufal Sh. Zagidullin
Bashkir State Medical University
Email: znaufal@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-2386-6707
SPIN-code: 5910-1156
MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), ProfessorRussian Federation, Ufa
Venera M. Timiryanova
Ufa University of Science and Technology
Email: 79174073127@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-1004-0722
SPIN-code: 1449-1716
Dr. Sci. (Economics), Associate ProfessorRussian Federation, Ufa
Elena A. Badykova
Bashkir State Medical University
Email: lnurova@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-8167-4271
SPIN-code: 6423-5847
MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine)Russian Federation, Ufa
Paruir A. Davtian
Bashkir State Medical University
Email: davtyanparuir@yandex.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-5972-6418
SPIN-code: 8816-1568
Russian Federation, Ufa
Diana F. Gareeva
Bashkir State Medical University
Email: danika09@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-1874-8661
SPIN-code: 4542-3725
MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine), Associate Professor
Russian Federation, UfaAlbert E. Islanov
Bashkir State Agrarian University
Email: mr.islanov_albert@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0009-0000-4596-598X
Russian Federation, Ufa
Murat N. Shamuratov
Ufa University of Science and Technology
Email: shamuratov.murat@gmail.com
ORCID iD: 0009-0004-1194-2199
Russian Federation, Ufa
References
- Cabrera Martimbianco AL, Pacheco RL, Bagattini M, Riera R. Frequency, Signs and Symptoms, and Criteria Adopted for Long COVID-19: A Systematic Review. International Journal of Clinical Practice. 2021;75(10):e14357. doi: 10.1111/ijcp.14357 EDN: LTBXDT
- Melillo A, Perrottelli A, Caporusso E, et al. Research Evidence on the Management of the Cognitive Impairment Component of the Post-COVID Condition: A Qualitative Systematic Review. European Psychiatry. 2024;67(1):e60. doi: 10.1192/j.eurpsy.2024.1770 EDN: GUSIVE
- Huang L, Li X, Gu X, et al. Health Outcomes in People 2 Years After Surviving Hospitalisation with COVID-19: A Longitudinal Cohort Study. The Lancet Respiratory Medicine. 2022;10(9):863–876. doi: 10.1016/s2213-2600(22)00126-6 EDN: NGXAAD
- Pan J, Zhou K, Wang J, et al. Quality of Life and Mental Health Status in Recovered COVID-19 Subjects at Two Years after Infection in Taizhou, China: A Longitudinal Cohort Study. Brain Sciences. 2022;12(7):939. doi: 10.3390/brainsci12070939 EDN: ZPLEKU
- Dong C, Hu F., Ma Z, et al. Changes in Respiratory Sensitivity Status of Patients in a Hospital in Shanxi Province Before and After the COVID-19 Epidemic. Journal of Asthma and Allergy. 2025;18:339–348. doi: 10.2147/JAA.S497018
- Deesomchok A, Liwsrisakun C, Chaiwong W, et al. Long-Term Impacts of COVID-19 Pneumonia on Quality of Life: A Single Institutional Pilot Study. Healthcare. 2023;11(13):1963. doi: 10.3390/healthcare11131963 EDN: MWCCTW
- Akulova AI, Gaydukova IZ, Rebrov AP. Validation of the EQ-5D-5L Version in Russia. Rheumatology Science and Practice. 2018;56(3):351–355. doi: 10.14412/1995-4484-2018-351-355 EDN: UXBXMW
- Ware JE, Sherbourne CD. The MOS 36-ltem Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36). Medical Care. 1992;30(6):473–483. doi: 10.1097/00005650-199206000-00002
- Pompe Disease: Clinical Guidelines [Internet]. Moscow: Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation; 2021 [cited 2025 Jul 23]. (In Russ.) Available from: https://legalacts.ru/doc/klinicheskie-rekomendatsii-bolezn-pompe-utv-minzdravom-rossii/
- Kazis LE, Miller DR, Clark JA, et al. Improving the Response Choices on the Veterans SF-36 Health Survey Role Functioning Scales. Journal of Ambulatory Care Management. 2004;27(3):263–280. doi: 10.1097/00004479-200407000-00010
- Kroenke K, Spitzer RL, Williams JBW. The PHQ-9. Journal of General Internal Medicine. 2001;16(9):606–613. doi: 10.1046/j.1525-1497.2001.016009606.x EDN: FPABNP
- Zolotareva AA. Diagnosis of Depression: Psychometric Examination of the Russian Version of the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9). Clinical Psychology and Special Education. 2024;12(4):107–121. doi: 10.17759/cpse.2023120406 EDN: GFNSYS
- Heesakkers H, van der Hoeven JG, van den Boogaard M, et al; the MONITOR-IC research group. Two-Year Physical, Mental and Cognitive Outcomes Among Intensive Care Unit Survivors Treated for COVID-19. Intensive Care Medicine. 2023;49(5):597–599. doi: 10.1007/s00134-023-07038-3 EDN: ICDVGA
- Lakman IA, Timiryanova VM, Agapitov AA, et al. Quality of Health of Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients in the Post-COVID Period: A Two-Year Follow-up. Yakut Medical Journal. 2023;84(4):82–88. doi: 10.25789/YMJ.2023.84.20 EDN: PJBJPI
- Coca Perraillon M, Shih YCT, Thisted RA. Predicting the EQ-5D-3L Preference Index from the SF-12 Health Survey in a National US Sample. Medical Decision Making. 2015;35(7):888–901. doi: 10.1177/0272989X15577362
- Maiba A, Dubitsky A; Astana Medical University. Changes in Health-Related Quality of Life after Coronavirus Infection (COVID-19) in Young People. Astana Medical Journal. 2024;2(121):23–28. doi: 10.54500/2790-1203-2024-2-121-23-28 EDN: DMCEHC
- Usanova TA, Kulkov AA, Usanova AA, et al. Fatigue and Cognitive Impairment in Post-COVID-19 Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analisis. Modern Problems of Science and Education. 2022;(3):121–121. doi: 10.17513/spno.31772 EDN: RPSIMN
- Shen NP, Logvinenko VV, Tsiryatieva SB, et al. Preliminary outcomes of the COVID-19 pandemic: a new chronic pain profile. Regional Anesthesia and Acute Pain Management. 2022;16(3):171–183. doi: 10.17816/RA109668 EDN: NWECBQ
- Lulic-Kuryllo T, Benedini M, Cogliati M, et al. Sex-Differences in the Longitudinal Recovery of Neuromuscular Function in COVID-19 Associated Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Survivors. Frontiers in Medicine. 2023;10:1185479. doi: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1185479 EDN: AHDQFZ
- Heubner L, Petrick PL, Güldner A, et al. Extreme Obesity is a Strong Predictor for in-Hospital Mortality and the Prevalence of Long-COVID in severe COVID-19 Patients with Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome. Scientific Reports. 2022;12(1):18418. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-22107-1 EDN: CLIDKX
- Cozma A, Sitar-Tăut AV, Orășan OH, et al. The Impact of Long COVID on the Quality of Life. Medicina. 2024;60(8):1359. doi: 10.3390/medicina60081359 EDN: PLNEMU
- Triantafillou E, Tsellos P, Christodoulou N, et al. Quality of Life and Psychopathology in Different COVID-19 Pandemic Periods: A Longitudinal Study. Psychiatriki. 2024;35:199–210. doi: 10.22365/jpsych.2024.010 EDN: TSEGXY
- Hajek A, König HH. Health-Related Quality of Life During the COVID-19 Pandemic and Beyond. Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics. 2024;122:105426. doi: 10.1016/j.archger.2024.105426 EDN: MIXFWF
Supplementary files
