卷 25, 编号 1 (2018)
- 年: 2018
- 文章: 11
- URL: https://journal-vniispk.ru/1728-0869/issue/view/984
Articles
SOME ASPECTS OF THE PERSON ECOLOGICAL SAFETY IN THE CONDITIONS OF CHRONIC ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELDS IMPULSES INFLUENCE
摘要
In an experiment performed on white laboratory rats males with an initial age of 4 months, the dynamics of the mitotic activity of the epithelial cells of the jejunum mucosa crypts after 5, 7 and 10 months of exposure of an electromagnetic field impulses with a density of induced currents of 0.37; 0.7; 0.8; 2.7 kA/m2 and pulse frequency of 50, 100 and 500 per week regardless of their fractionality was considered. The purpose of the study of individual cellular responses is not only to identify the most sensitive components of the system, but also to determine the target organs in order to increase the effectiveness of protective measures for the environmental safety of humans from electromagnetic damage. Having analyzed the obtained data, it should be noted that in the conditions of application of electromagnetic field impulses influence in the studied parameters, sensitivity of undifferentiated epitheliocytes of crypts was found and the multidirectional effect which depended on frequency and density of the induced currents was observed, and their increase in the damage to the jejunum mucosa epithelium amplified due to decrease in mitotic activity, with increase in coefficient of affection in chronodynamics, for a number of parameters, experimentally confirming belonging of impulses of the electromagnetic field to bioeffective ecological factors.
Ekologiya cheloveka (Human Ecology). 2018;25(1):3-7
3-7
CONTEMPORARY DYNAMICS OF COMPLEX BIOCLIMATIC INDICES DURING RESORT SEASON ON CRIMEAN PENINSULA
摘要
Contemporary dynamics of complex bioclimatic indices has been studied. Initial data was based on time series of few meteorological parameters for resort season (May - September) obtained as a result of daily monitoring on 19 Crimean stations during 2006-2014. For estimation of meteorological factors impact on human body radiative equivalent effective temperature (REET) and heat index (HI) were chosen. Dynamics of REET repetition (%) distribution by grades has shown, that on the whole peninsula territory number of cases of grade "less than comfort zone" was declining. Such dynamics is due to climatic changes manifested in air temperature growth. Grades "comfort zone" and "more than comfort zone" ate characterized by Crimean territory splitting on east and west zones with mixed tendencies. Grade "more than comfort zone" repetition for west part of peninsula is declining, and for east one - is increasing. Most favorable conditions for heliotherapy of patients with different forms of cardiovascular system diseases are evolving in resort period beginning - during May and June. Use of Steadman method for heat index evaluation allowed to estimate spatial-temporal distribution of this characteristics over Crimean peninsula territory. Formation of repetition (%) maximum of heat index in 4 p. m. in Crimea central part has been shown. In coastal zone the softening impact of Black sea is seen. In seasonal course repetition maximum of heat index is shifted to September. Distribution of heat index values by grades has shown, that the majority of cases (to 90 %) accounts grade 32-41 °C; all others - grade 41-54 °C. Dynamics of steady shifting of repetition to grade 32-41 °C was revealed.
Ekologiya cheloveka (Human Ecology). 2018;25(1):8-14
8-14
MEDICO-DEMOGRAPHIC INDICATORS AND FORMATION OF LABOR POTENTIAL IN THE RUSSIAN ARCTIC (IN THE CONTEXT OF MURMANSK REGION)
摘要
Population process in dynamic development ongoing in Murmansk Region (located beyond the Arctic Circle on the territory of the European part of the Russian Federation Arctic zone in the period 2001-2015 has been characterized in the paper. Major features of natural population movement (fertility, mortality) including labor potential have been esteemed. A major loss of labor potential was due to population decline (22,4 %), despite positive increase in 1.38 times of the total fertility rate and life expectancy among men up to 64,0 years, women - 75,7 years. It is shown that mortality increase was registered in the region among males of working age from disease that could be connected not only with Arctic climate and geographic conditions but also with labor conditions on industrial complex production of Kola Arctic Circle. The rate of diseases of respiratory and circulatory systems as well as malignant neoplasms increased in monotowns in Murmansk Region. 93 % of population is urban, which is a source of labor for city forming enterprise. Proportion of people working in harmful exposure in the industrial complex enterprises was: men- 68,0 %, women - 36,8 %, including enterprises engaged in the extraction of commercial minerals: men - 78,7, women - 50,0 %.
Ekologiya cheloveka (Human Ecology). 2018;25(1):15-19
15-19
EVALUATION OF IRON INGESTION WITH DRINKING WATER IN DIFFERENT AGE GROUPS OF BIROBIDZHAN
摘要
The present article evaluates the iron ingestion with drinking water into a person's body and the non-carcinogenic risk of this process. The purposes of the article is quantitative assessment of iron content in drinking water of Birobidzhan city, and establish quantitative characteristics of its ingestion with drinking water in different age groups. The material includes the analysis of 480 samples of drinking water. The research period lasted from January 2013 up to December 2015. Photometric method was used to identify iron mass concentration. It was found that daily iron ingestion with drinking water in Birobidzhan is on the average from 0.005 to 0.067 mg/kg per day for an adult with regard to its concentration in drinking water and from 0.006 to 0.155 mg/kg per day for children with regard to their age and other factors. The obtained results do not exceed the reference dose of 0.300 mg/kg per day. For the standard values of exposure factors the potential dose of iron ingestion with drinking water is from 3 942 to 53 217 mg for an adult for 30 years and from 264 to 7 983 mg for a child for 6 years. The smallest hazard ratio HQ = 0,017 was obtained in estimating water consumption by the adult population of Birobidzhan, for the group of samples of drinking water with concentration of total iron 0.18 mg/dm3. The greatest hazard ratio HQ = 0,517 was obtained in estimating water consumption by the group of children less than 6 years, for the group of samples of drinking water with a total iron concentration of 2.43 mg/dm3.
Ekologiya cheloveka (Human Ecology). 2018;25(1):20-25
20-25
USE OF LOW-LEVEL LASER RADIATION FOR OCCUPATIONAL MYOFIBROSIS TREATMENT
摘要
Health state study of employees undergoing physical overloads and functional overstrain of upper extremity muscles is still an area of current concern. Findings on treatment of myofibrosis patients are given. Myofibrosis is one of the most prevalent diseases of upper extremities seen actually in all branches of industry, construction and agriculture. An upper extremity muscle disease can be found both, as a separate disease, and combined with other occupational diseases of musculoskeletal and peripheral nervous systems. Major unfavourable effects of working conditions resulting in myofibrosis development are static-and-dynamic load on upper extremity muscles, and awkward, upright working posture. A group of employees exposed to unfavourable working conditions connected with heavy arm load, and local vibration was studied. Low-intensity laser radiation treatment was carried out among 36 plasterers and 33 underground miners suffering from first or second stage myofibrosis. Diffused red range laser radiation was applied to brachioradial muscle. Peripheral circulation in hands, arm muscle strength and muscle state were assessed. Effectiveness of the method is shown. The suggested patented method can be used for occupational myofibrosis treatment.
Ekologiya cheloveka (Human Ecology). 2018;25(1):26-30
26-30
HYGIENIC ASSESSMENT OF AIR STATE IN LEAD-ACID ACCUMULATOR PRODUCTION AT DIFFERENT STAGES OF PRODUCTION UPDATING
摘要
Hygienic assessment of air pollution in workrooms for large lead-acid accumulator production is given. Studies were carried out in various conditions: in shops with outdated manufacturing equipment, after ventilation system reconstruction, and in shops with up-to-date production lines and ventilation systems. For workshop air assessment chemical analyses of air samples to detect lead and sulphuric acid aerosols were carried out at workplaces of major lead-acid accumulator production jobs. Approved techniques were used: atomic absorption to measure lead and photometric method to determine sulphuric acid concentrations in workplace air and in industrial emissions. The effectiveness of used ventilation equipment after its large-scale modernization is evaluated in accordance with current regulations. Sanitary-and-hygienic characteristics of local exhaust systems were evaluated according to economy index. Based on testing of dust-and-gas collecting plants, purification efficiency of extracted air was determined. Meteorological parameters (temperature, humidity, and air speed) in workplace areas were measured in the process of the study. The problem of further improvement of engineering decisions on removal of polluted air from workshops is still an area of current concern, as lead concentrations in workplace air remain high in spite of modifications in technological processes and various sanitary-and-engineering measures being taken.
Ekologiya cheloveka (Human Ecology). 2018;25(1):31-35
31-35
POTENTIAL DANGER OF NANOSIZED POWDER BLUE TO HUMAN HEALTH
摘要
The data analysis presented in the studies of leading Russian and foreign centers on physico-chemical, molecular and biological, cytological and toxicological characteristics of nanosized powder blue has been done. Generalization of the information received and evaluation of potentially hazardous substances has shown that nanodispersed powder blue has a high degree of potential danger to human health. Powder blue nanoparticles have a size in the range of 41.2-77.9 nm, preferably of spherical shape, are hydrophobical, potentially high reactive. They have the ability to intracellular generation of reactive oxygen species causing the oxidative stress (particularly oxidative damage to proteins and indirect damage to DNA). They are able to DNA direct damage, having a dose and time-dependent character. They interact with the cell membrane, causing it damage (cytotoxicity), as evidenced by the decrease in mitochondrial activity, LDH release from cells, and fall of cells viability. A significant induction of chromosome aberrations is typical for powder blue nanoparticles. They cause a disturbance in proteomic and metabolomic profile, increase antioxidant enzyme of gene expression of HO-1, the production of cytokines MCP-1 and IL-8. They have possibly carcinogenic activity to humans, due to an increase in the level of intracellular reactive oxygen species formation, signaling cascades, damage to macromolecules - proteins and DNA.
Ekologiya cheloveka (Human Ecology). 2018;25(1):36-40
36-40
CORRELATION OF CARBOHYDRATE-LIPID METABOLISM AND THE ELEMENT STATUS IN WOMEN WITH SOMATOMEGALY OF FRUIT, LIVING IN THE NORTH
摘要
Aim: to educe intercommunications between the indexes of carbohydrate-lipid exchange and trace elements, taking part in its adjusting for women with the somatomegaly of fruit, residents of the northern region. Methods. A study of biostandards of 102 expectant mothers performed delivery on term 38-40 weeks, residents of Khanty-Mansiysk for more than 5 years (52 - with the somatomegaly of fruit and 50 - a normosomy of fruit): blood indexes of carbohydrate-lipid exchange were studied by fermentation, calorimetric and photometric methods, and in hair -concentration of Zn, Cr Mg were studied by the methods of ICP-AES, МС-AES. Results. We detected statistically higher indexes of concentration of glucose (р < 0,001), ОХС (р = 0,012), thyroglobulin (р = 0,016), VLDL (р = 0,002), LDL (р = 0,002), KA atherogenic index (р<0,001), and also bioelements of Cr (p=0,010) and Mg (р = 0,004) in the group of expectant mothers with the somatomegaly of fruit comparatively with a group of women with normosomy. Significant intercommunications are stated in expectant mothers with the somatomegaly of fruit: Zn^glucose (-0,531), Zn↔thyroglobulin (-0,483), Zn↔ KA atherogenic index (-0,482), Cr↔glucose (-0,706), Cr↔LDL (-0,532), Cr^thyroglobulin (-0,622), Cr↔KA atherogenic index (-0,501), Mg↔HDL (0,403) and Mg↔thyroglobulin (-0,367). Conclusions: the detected correlation between the indexes of carbohydrate-lipid exchange and provision with essential chemical elements testifies: firstly, about close intercommunication between all above mentioned types of exchanges; secondly, about possibility of preventive measures realization devoted to correction the latter by optimization of bioelement status of individuals during pregnancy.
Ekologiya cheloveka (Human Ecology). 2018;25(1):41-46
41-46
CLASSIC LIVER LOBULE AS A MODEL FOR STUDYING THE INFLUENCE OF CADMIUM SUBTOXIC DOSES
摘要
The goal was to study the liver structural features of Wistar -rat-male-adolescents under sudacute influence of cadmium sulphate. The study was carried out by means of optical microscopy (Axio Scope.Al, С. Zeiss) and submicroscopy (JEM 100-S и JEM 1400) taking into account the classic liver lobule which is the liver tissular model with the arterial-venous gradient coinciding with a cell turnover vector. To assess the significancy of tissular and ultrastructural stereological differences between the groups the nonparametric Mann-Whitney method was used. The lobular topographical features of alterative and regenerative reactions of adolescents were revealed on tissular and cell levels. Hepatocyte destruction is associated with single lymphocytes and macrophages, moving from the expanded perivenular sinusoids. The tissular stereological analysis indicated the synchronous growth of space density of parenchymatous liver compartment and liver sinusoids of rats with toxic influence compared to the control group. According to the stereological analysis of hepatocytes ultrastructural organization a progressive space density decrease of the biosynthetic organelles - of granular cytoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria was revealed. We observed reduction of cytoplasmic reticulum profiles with preservation of its perinuclear compartments and ultrastructural equivalents of "stress" - the folds of osmiophylic membranes in giant vacuoles. A certain balance between alterative processes of toxic genesis and compensatory processes in the liver parenchyma of male-adolescents Wistar was revealed.
Ekologiya cheloveka (Human Ecology). 2018;25(1):47-52
47-52
TO THE QUESTION OF DIAGNOSES OF ENDOTHELIAL DYSFUNCTION UNDER THE CONDITIONS OF THE TRANSPORTED FLIGHT IN THE ARCTIC
摘要
The aim of the study was to assess the state of endothelial function in conditions of in the work, individual biochemical (homocysteine, folate, vitamin B12 levels) and functional (by peripheral arterial tonometry) markers of endothelial dysfunction during a marine trans-latitude voyage in the Arctic were studied. The design of the study is a prospective cohort nonrandomized study. The object of the study was practically healthy people - members of the Arctic scientific expedition and crew members of the marine scientific research vessel. The preliminary analysis of the obtained data allows to state that in healthy participants of short-term transhort maritime voyage in the Arctic abnormalities of endothelium-dependent vasodilation function were detected using the method of peripheral arterial tonometry on EndoPaT-2000 device with a test with active hyperemia and homocysteine exchange results, which indicates the presence of endothelial dysfunction. The unfavorable influence of high latitudes of the Arctic on the formation of endothelial dysfunction in healthy participants of the expedition and members of the research vessel crew was revealed.
Ekologiya cheloveka (Human Ecology). 2018;25(1):53-59
53-59
25(OH)D LEVELS IN THE POPULATION OF ARKHANGELSK CITY IN DIFFERENT AGE GROUPS
摘要
Vitamin D deficit is a worldwide recognized health problem due to its role in pathogenesis and progression of different diseases. We take special interest in the study of vitamin D supply of different age group population living in the Arctic and subarctic regions where the risk of vitamin D deficit due to the low insolation level is becoming higher because of extreme climatic and geographic factors. Objective: to estimate vitamin D supply among the population of Arkhangelsk city in different age groups. Methods: 25-OH vitamin D blood serum concentration was estimated in a cross-sectional (instant) uncontrolled study carried out among the citizens of both sexes in Arkhangelsk city during spring-autumn period between 2013 and 2014, winter season 2016. Moderate deficit (deficiency) was estimated at the level of 25 (OH) D within the range of 20-30 ng/ml, deficit and severe deficit within the range of 10-19 ng/ ml and less than 10 ng/ml respectively. Results: newborns (n = 55), their mothers (n = 55), children under the age of 3 (n = 155), schoolchildren at the age of 6 and 7 (n = 80), adolescents between the age of 13 and 15 (n = 367), university students between the age of 18 and 22 (n = 260), adults between the age of 24 and 60 (n = 85) were included in the study. Vitamin D deficiency was found in 26, 27, 25, 20, 19, 32 and 41 % people respectively. Deficit was found in 36, 33, 23, 49, 66, 40, and 29 people respectively. Severe deficit was found in 31, 5, 8, 22, 14, 8, and 4 % people studied respectively. Conclusion: high frequency of vitamin D deficit of various degree was revealed in all age group populations living in Arkhangelsk city. Study results indicate the necessity of developing and implementing target regional and all-Russian prevention programmes as well as early diagnosis and correction of vitamin D deficit and deficit-related disorders in the Russian Federation.
Ekologiya cheloveka (Human Ecology). 2018;25(1):60-64
60-64