根据性别和身体活动系数评估劳动人群的营养状况
- 作者: Zaikina I.V.1,2, Komleva N.E.1,3, Mazilov S.I.1, Pozdnyakov M.V.1,3, Dolich V.N.1, Raikova S.V.1,3
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隶属关系:
- Federal Scientific Center for Medical and Preventive Health Risk Management Technologies
- Medical University "Reaviz"
- Saratov State Medical University named after V.I. Razumovsky
- 期: 卷 32, 编号 1 (2025)
- 页面: 52-63
- 栏目: ORIGINAL STUDY ARTICLES
- URL: https://journal-vniispk.ru/1728-0869/article/view/314570
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.17816/humeco634860
- EDN: https://elibrary.ru/NHUKWY
- ID: 314570
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详细
论证。为提高预防措施的有效性并明确其优化需求,了解可调节危险因素的流行情况及其控制水平至关重要,其中饮食因素发挥着重要作用。
目的。评估劳动人群在不同性别和身体活动系数下的营养状况。
材料与方法。本研究为横断面研究,调查了1183名劳动人群的营养状况。观察对象分为两组:工人组(n=731)和职员组(n=452)。在考虑性别和身体活动系数的基础上,分析了膳食模式和饮食特征、主要食品的摄入频率、膳食中主要常量营养素在总能量中的占比,以及饱和脂肪、游离糖和膳食纤维的摄入量。分析了代谢状态标志物。统计分析使用Statistica 10软件,采用Mann–Whitney U检验和皮尔逊卡方检验,构建四格表。在p<0.05时,差异具有统计学意义。
结果。在工人组和职员组中,主要食品的摄入频率无统计学显著差异。男性膳食中蛋白质占比高于女性:15.1 [13.0; 17.6] vs. 14.0 [11.6; 16.9](p<0.001,Mann–Whitney U检验);碳水化合物占比低于女性:46.6 [39.1; 52.7] vs. 48.9 [39.8; 55.2](p=0.022,Mann–Whitney U检验);脂肪占比差异无统计学意义。无论身体活动系数如何,各组的总能量摄入均低于推荐水平。男性职员中,肥胖(p=0.002)和高血压(p<0.001)的患病率更高,同时总蛋白低于参考值(p=0.011),总胆固醇、动脉粥样硬化指数、葡萄糖和糖化血红蛋白均高于参考值(p<0.001,适用于所有比较)。女性中,工人组与职员组在肥胖和高血压的患病率方面大致相当;在工人组中,总蛋白水平超出参考范围、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇和甘油三酯高于参考值的人数占比较多(p<0.001,适用于所有比较);而在职员组中,白蛋白和高密度脂蛋白胆固醇低于参考值(p<0.001和p=0.011),HbA1с高于参考值(p=0.004)。
结论。在考虑性别和身体活动系数的基础上获得的劳动人群营养状况评估结果,以及公众对健康饮食原则认知水平较低的现实,应在制定旨在维护劳动者健康、生活质量和职业可持续性的预防措施、企业项目和健康教育计划时予以充分重视。
作者简介
Inna V. Zaikina
Federal Scientific Center for Medical and Preventive Health Risk Management Technologies; Medical University "Reaviz"
编辑信件的主要联系方式.
Email: innaza2@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-4234-7056
SPIN 代码: 9644-0101
MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine)
俄罗斯联邦, Saratov; SaratovNataliya E. Komleva
Federal Scientific Center for Medical and Preventive Health Risk Management Technologies; Saratov State Medical University named after V.I. Razumovsky
Email: NEKomleva@yandex.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-4099-9368
SPIN 代码: 7145-3073
MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine)
俄罗斯联邦, Saratov; SaratovSvyatoslav I. Mazilov
Federal Scientific Center for Medical and Preventive Health Risk Management Technologies
Email: smazilov@yandex.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-8220-145X
SPIN 代码: 2048-0643
Cand. Sci. (Biology)
俄罗斯联邦, SaratovMihail V. Pozdnyakov
Federal Scientific Center for Medical and Preventive Health Risk Management Technologies; Saratov State Medical University named after V.I. Razumovsky
Email: mpozdnyakov@yandex.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-2067-3830
SPIN 代码: 6726-4542
Cand. Sci. (Physics and Mathematics)
俄罗斯联邦, Saratov; SaratovVladimir N. Dolich
Federal Scientific Center for Medical and Preventive Health Risk Management Technologies
Email: vndolich@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-8980-5117
SPIN 代码: 4085-7055
俄罗斯联邦, Saratov
Svetlana V. Raikova
Federal Scientific Center for Medical and Preventive Health Risk Management Technologies; Saratov State Medical University named after V.I. Razumovsky
Email: matiz853@yandex.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-5749-2382
SPIN 代码: 1286-5149
MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine)
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