Vol 24, No 3 (2024)
Geography
Open remote sensing data for the identification of archaeological sites
Abstract
Archaeology, as a science, is constantly evolving and embracing various interdisciplinary methods. Currently, geoinformation technologies and aerospace remote sensing, along with other remote sensing methods, are becoming some of the primary tools at various stages of archaeological research. This study explores the potential of using open-source remote sensing data to identify archaeological sites. The findings suggest that data from Sentinel-2, SRTM, ALOS, and Copernicus can be used as supplementary information for detecting and identifying different archaeological features. It is worth noting that the best results at the pre-excavation stage can be achieved through a comprehensive approach, which involves combining different types of remote sensing data and GIS modeling techniques.
News of Saratov University. Ser. Earth sciences. 2024;24(3):150-158
150-158
Saratov children’s playgrounds: Analysis of the ecological and geochemical situation
Abstract
In a modern large city, it is mandatory to have playgrounds in residential areas. The level of social well-being and well-being of urban space is also assessed by the presence of a children’s playground in each residential courtyard. However, from a city-ecological point of view, is it advisable to organize parking on boulevards, in small squares, in courtyards next to car parks? In order to understand this, the state regulatory requirements and standards for the organization of children’s playgrounds in a large industrial city were studied; The territories of playgrounds were identified, the location of which raises doubts about the correctness of their placement; a geochemical analysis of natural environments was performed – the surface layer of air, soils and soils, snow cover on the territory of playgrounds and adjacent zones. An assessment was made of the compliance of of the geochemical analysis results with existing standards for the placement of playgrounds in urban space and urban planning solutions were proposed to optimize the locations of playgrounds created contrary to existing standards.
News of Saratov University. Ser. Earth sciences. 2024;24(3):159-166
159-166
Statistical analysis of air temperature changes according to long-term observations of the V. A.Mikhelson Meteorological Observatory of RSAU – MTAA
Abstract
Introduction. The purpose of the study is to assess the dynamics of changes in air temperature indicators and its impact on agronomic systems, based on long-term observations of the V. A. Mikhelson Meteorological Observatory of RSAU – MTAA. Materials and Methods. Using the Mathcad program, graphs of changes in average annual temperatures were constructed using a third-order approximation polynomial, graphs of the theoretical normal density distribution and normal temperature distribution function, as well as graphs of intra-annual temperature distribution for 30 years. Research results and Discussion. The values of the relative error of average annual temperatures were calculated, the normal distribution of average annual temperatures was checked using the Pearson criterion, after which the probability of deviation of the empirical hours falling into intervals from the theoretical hours was found. Conclusion. As a result of the research, a significant increase in average annual air temperature was established against the background of a general reduction in the duration of the cold period. Increase in temperature over the period 1961–1990 amounted to 0.9 °C, which is significantly higher than the average values for the globe. The results of the study reflect the general trend of warming in the context of global climate change and can be used to improve the forecasting of weather conditions, as well as to optimize technological processes in crop production.
News of Saratov University. Ser. Earth sciences. 2024;24(3):167-171
167-171
Geology
Evaluation of fault reactivation risks during drilling of the horizontal well using results of one-dimensional geomechanical modeling
Abstract
The article presents main factors affecting the fault stability. Concepts of critically stressed faults and critical pore pressure are discussed. The methodologies for evaluation of stressed-deformed state of rocks in the vicinity of fault zones during reservoir depletion and injection, well drilling are analyzed. 1D geomechanical models of fishbone sidetracks and main borehole of the well N are constructed. The fault stability evaluation is made using Mohr – Coulomb failure criterion from data of in situ stresses and near-wellbore stresses calculated from Kirsch wellbore solution. Optimal mud weight ranges are determined for safe drilling of fishbone boreholes accounting fault reactivation risks. Basic recommendations for optimal drilling through the interval of unstable shales are made.
News of Saratov University. Ser. Earth sciences. 2024;24(3):172-183
172-183
Chukhonastovka – the reference section of the Turonian-Lower Santonian from the Volga-Ilovlya interfluve (the Volga right bank area near Volgograd). Paper 1. The section descriptions
Abstract
The paper presents detailed biostratigraphical division and lithological characteristics of the Turonian-Lower Santonian interval within the compiled Chukhonastovka section. The presence of the Lower Turonian deposits has been ascertained alongside with the unusual structure of the rock interval synchronous to the Lower Santonian “sponge” horizon.
News of Saratov University. Ser. Earth sciences. 2024;24(3):184-198
184-198
199-217