No 7 (2023)

Horticulture

Development of a PCR test system for the detection of Potato virus Y

Bessolitsyna E.A., Tulinov A.G., Novoselova N.V., Kharina A.V.

Abstract

Potato virus Y infects potato plants and causes serious damage to agriculture by reducing the yield of this crop. Therefore, there is a need to identify this pathogen. Potato viruses contain RNA, so immunological methods or PCR combined with reverse transcription can be used. The aim of this work was to develop a PCR test system for the detection of Potato virus Y. Primers for the reverse transcription reaction and subsequent PCR were found. Annealing temperatures and size of the amplified fragment were calculated. Primers and reaction conditions on plant material were tested. PCR products of the calculated size were obtained. The determination of their nucleotide sequence confirmed the identification of the genetic material of Potato virus Y. Thus, this PCR test system can be used to detect Potato virus Y.

Izvestiâ Komi naučnogo centra Uralʹskogo otdeleniâ Rossijskoj akademii nauk. 2023;65(7):5-11
pages 5-11 views

Productivity and properties of the green mass of varieties of narrow-leaved lupine selected by the Russian Potato Research Centre named after A. G. Lorkh

Emelev S.A., Lybenko E.S., Khlopov A.A.

Abstract

The territory of the Kirov Region was place to conduct the field experiments on the cultivation and evaluation of the productivity of the green mass of plants of narrow-leaved lupine selected by the specialists of the A.G. Lorch Russian Potato Research Centre. For the growing season of 2022-2023, the amount of green mass per unit area in plants of the lupine varieties Accord, Fedorovsky, and Metsenat was significantly higher than that in the control plants (green pea of the variety Ukaz and field pea of the variety Ryabchik). The content of nitrogen, crude protein and crude ash in the green mass of lupin plants was higher compared to that of pea plants. The amount of exchange energy in the green mass of plants of the studied varieties did not change significantly in 2022 but there were significant differences in this indicator in lupine and pea plants in 2023. The difference reached 30%.

Izvestiâ Komi naučnogo centra Uralʹskogo otdeleniâ Rossijskoj akademii nauk. 2023;65(7):12-17
pages 12-17 views

Influence of plant growth regulators on the ability of strawberry varieties to form runners in the conditions of the southern forest-steppe zone of Bashkortostan

Zaripova V.M.

Abstract

This work aims at the influence of plant growth regulators on the ability of strawberry varieties to form runners in the conditions of the southern forest-steppe zone of Bashkortostan. The plants were twice sprayed with Albit (0.6 g/l), Krezacin (1 g/l), Zircon (1 g/l), and control water. The use of foliar fertilizers increased the resistance of strawberry plants to unfavorable environmental conditions. The use of Zircon increased the number of strawberry runners by 1.1-1.4 time and the number of daughter rosettes by 1.1-1.5 time. The Asia variety turned out to be highly sensitive to the use of preparations; the proportion of rosettes increased by 27 – 54 % above the control. Under the influence of growth regulators, the Festivalnaya romashka (Festival Chamomile) variety had the largest proportion of plants with runners, up to 83.3 %.

Izvestiâ Komi naučnogo centra Uralʹskogo otdeleniâ Rossijskoj akademii nauk. 2023;65(7):18-20
pages 18-20 views

The effect of the plant growth stimulant (succinic acid) and cutting terms on the rooting ability of green pear and quince cuttings

Zatsepina I.V.

Abstract

The article highlights the research results on the rooting of green pear and quince cuttings in the first and second decades of June. Green cuttings were taken from mother shrubs and treated with the plant growth stimulator of succinic acid. As the pear and quince cuttings took roots, we determined the rooting ability of rootstocks, number of standard rootstocks, height of the rooted rootstocks, diameter of the conditional root neck, number of roots, length of the root system. The rootstocks of pear PG 12 (k), PG 2, PG 17-16, PG 333 and quince VA 29, Severnaya demonstrated the best indicators of rooting ability, number of standard rootstocks, diameter of the conditional root neck, number and length of roots.

Izvestiâ Komi naučnogo centra Uralʹskogo otdeleniâ Rossijskoj akademii nauk. 2023;65(7):21-28
pages 21-28 views

Germination of rapeseed under continuous LED lighting in the modes of low-energy photon fluxes of monochromatic radiation

Zelenkov V.N., Latushkin V.V., Karpachev V.V., Vernik P.A., Gavrilov S.V., Ivanova M.I.

Abstract

In order to study the effect of low-energy monochrome radiation on the germination of rapeseed of the new variety Antares, the authors used light-emitting diodes of blue (440 nm), green (525 nm), red (660 nm) and far red (730 nm) light, as well as those of UV-A radiation (380 nm) with an intensity of 0.367–6.904 µmol/m2* s on different spectra. Different types of monochrome radiation affected the germination of seeds and the growth of sprouts in different ways. According to the indicators of germination energy, seed germination, weight of 100 sprouts, and yield of green mass, the best results were obtained when germinating using the green light. Based on experimental data, the patent was issued for the invention “The activation method of rapeseed germination under monospectral illumination”. Irradiation of seeds with the monochrome far-red light significantly reduced the germination ability and yield of sprouts.

Izvestiâ Komi naučnogo centra Uralʹskogo otdeleniâ Rossijskoj akademii nauk. 2023;65(7):29-35
pages 29-35 views

Changes in the productivity of depleted lowland peatland in dependence of the mineral fertilizer

Kovshova V.N.

Abstract

The paper presents the results of 50-year-long research on the changes in the botanical composition and productivity of the sown grass stand, as well as the agrochemical properties of the drained depleted lowland peatland used in fodder production. To maintain the productive longevity of fodder agrophytocenoses at the level of 5-6 thousand fodder units per 1 ha of arable land and to recover the soil fertility of the depleted peatland, we require additional energy in form of annual application of a balanced nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium fertilizer. Even a slight deviation from the developed fertilizer system causes the immediate degeneration of perennial mown grass stands sharply decreasing their productivity and the fertility of depleted peatland.

Izvestiâ Komi naučnogo centra Uralʹskogo otdeleniâ Rossijskoj akademii nauk. 2023;65(7):42-47
pages 42-47 views

Evaluation of the productivity and quality of cock’s foot selection numbers

Kosolapova T.V.

Abstract

Cock’s foot as an early-ripening, highly nutritious cereal is a valuable fodder crop being demanded in fodder production. Under favorable environmental conditions of moisture and nutrition, this crop becomes a complete feed with an average energy nutrition of more than 10 MJ of exchangeable energy in 1 kg of dry matter and a crude protein content of 17-19 %. The aim of our study was to investigate and isolate promising selection numbers with high yields of dry matter, good quality of fodder with the highly adaptive resistance to various abiotic and biotic stress factors. The study material was four promising selection numbers in the breeding nursery as SN 10/18 (control), SN 5/18, SN 8/18, and SN 16/18. In three investigation years, we gave prominence by fodder productivity to selection samples SN 8/18 and SN 5/18, dry matter of which yielded 25.4 and 20.4 t/ha exceeding the control sample (19.2 t/ha) by 6.2 and 1.2 t/ha or 32.3 % and 6.3 %, respectively. The crude protein content in dry matter of the studied numbers ranged from 12.7 to 13.5 %. According to this indicator, the selection samples surpassed the control (12.3 %). The highest indicator value was found for SN 16/18. SN 8/18 was best in terms of crude protein yields summarized for three years (3.3 t/ha). The selection samples that showed high results in the experiment will be involved into the breeding process as sources of economically valuable traits.

Izvestiâ Komi naučnogo centra Uralʹskogo otdeleniâ Rossijskoj akademii nauk. 2023;65(7):48-52
pages 48-52 views

Historical aspect of the formation and development of potato growing in the Nenets Autonomous District

Filippova A.B., Romanenko T.M.

Abstract

The article presents a review of historical issues of origin, establishment and development of potato growing in the Nenets Autonomous District. The Naryan-Mar Agricultural Experimental Station played a major role in scientific support of the development of farming in the district, which for the first time proved the possibility of growing vegetable crops and initiated the development of a new branch of farming for the district. For the period from 1936 to 1994 the works carried out at the station on testing of potato samples of both domestic and foreign selection, derivation of new varieties from hybrids of various reproductions at tests in various nurseries suitable for cultivation in natural-climatic conditions of the district, one of perspective varieties named Kuryer (Courier) surpassing other varieties on the totality of economic and useful qualities are described. The great work on development of agrotechnics with application of various methods and fertilizers is shown and the conclusion about the prospect of potato growing development in connection with more favorable climatic conditions and appearance of new high-yielding zoned varieties for the Far North is made.

Izvestiâ Komi naučnogo centra Uralʹskogo otdeleniâ Rossijskoj akademii nauk. 2023;65(7):53-63
pages 53-63 views

Evaluation of productivity of the potato varieties of the Ural selection from collection of the Institute of Agrobiotechnologies FRC Komi SC UB RAS

Turlakova A.M., Bykov S.A., Pozhiritskaya A.N., Zainullin V.G.

Abstract

The article discusses the results of two years of testing the potato varieties of the Ural selection from the collection of the Institute of Agrobiotechnology. The obtained data indicate a greater plasticity of the studied varieties. The first results including the phenological data allow us to recommend the varieties Terra and Shah for use in potato growing practice in the northern region. Hybrids demonstrated the relatively high productivity rate with the high marketability of the varieties 14-27-6 and 17-47-3. The maximum yield and marketability of tubers were identified for the varieties Terra (34.1 t/ha and 97.5 %), Mishka (32.2 t/ha and 97.1 %) in 2022. The maximum weight of tubers per shrub (0.701 kg) but the minimum marketability (88.5%) was recorded for the Argo variety.

Izvestiâ Komi naučnogo centra Uralʹskogo otdeleniâ Rossijskoj akademii nauk. 2023;65(7):64-70
pages 64-70 views

The efficiency of sluicing of old-arable depleted peatlands depending on weather conditions during cultivation of perennial grasses

Ulanov N.A.

Abstract

The article analyzes the efficiency of sluicing of depleted peatlands with reference to the hydrothermal coefficient (HTC) during cultivation of perennial grasses against the various agricultural background for the period from 2014 to 2022. The sluicing efficiency, expressed as an increase in yield, is 30-40 % at HTC<1 without application of mineral fertilizers. After fertilizing, the efficiency of sluicing increases by 2 times.

Izvestiâ Komi naučnogo centra Uralʹskogo otdeleniâ Rossijskoj akademii nauk. 2023;65(7):71-74
pages 71-74 views

The effect of long-term use of organic and mineral fertilizers in the agrocenoses of the Komi Republic

Chebotarev N.T., Brovarova O.V.

Abstract

The stationary field experiment in soddy-podzolic sandy loam verified the effect of organic and mineral fertilizers and their combinations on the potato productivity. Additionally, the properties of soddy-podzolic sandy loam in conditions of six-field fodder crop rotation were analyzed. The complex application of fertilizers was found to have the maximum effect on the agrochemical properties of the soil and its productivity. For example, the content of humus increased by 0.4 %, mobile phosphorus – by 120 mg/kg. Simultaneously, the exchangeable and hydrolytic soil acidity, as well as the amount of exchangeable potassium, decreased. The complex application of organic and mineral fertilizers, especially in high doses, increased average potato yields and quality. The average yield of 5.5 t potato dry matter of high quality/ha was obtained on the application of 80 t/ha of peat-manure compost and a full dose of mineral fertilizers (N60P30K180).

Izvestiâ Komi naučnogo centra Uralʹskogo otdeleniâ Rossijskoj akademii nauk. 2023;65(7):75-82
pages 75-82 views

In vitro reproduction of promising potato varieties for cultivation in the Komi Republic

Kalashnikova E.A., Kirakosyan R.N., Zainullin V.G., Yudin A.A.

Abstract

The paper deals with the results of clonal micropropagation of promising potato varieties for cultivation in the conditions of the Komi Republic. The study material is three potato varieties (Zyryanets, Pechorsky, Vychegodsky), characterized by the high resistance to late blight and abiotic stress factors in the conditions of the Komi Republic. The primary explants were weakly germinated eyeholes, as well as cuttings and shoot tips isolated from 14- and 30-day-old potato plants which underwent surface sterilization and then were cultivated in the Murashige–Skoog nutrient medium containing various hormones. The Pechorsky variety was identified to have the high growth index and specific growth rate of shoots in vitro. This variety can be included in studies on cell and genetic engineering aimed at creating potato forms with the complex resistance.

Izvestiâ Komi naučnogo centra Uralʹskogo otdeleniâ Rossijskoj akademii nauk. 2023;65(7):36-41
pages 36-41 views

Promising varieties of berry crops (everbearing raspberry, garden strawberry) by economically useful characteristics in the conditions of the Komi Republic

Yudin A.A., Pavlova E.V., Tarabukina T.V., Smetanina K.T.

Abstract

This article discusses the varieties of berry crops, particularly everbearing raspberry and garden strawberry, which are important sources of vitamin products. The results of the study will help to select suitable varieties of berry crops for cultivation in the Komi Republic and contribute to the development of agriculture in the region. During the study, it was found that the most promising varieties of everbearing raspberry for cultivation in the Komi Republic are Nedosyagaemaya and Bryanskoe Divo and those of garden strawberry - Bereginya and Geyser.

Izvestiâ Komi naučnogo centra Uralʹskogo otdeleniâ Rossijskoj akademii nauk. 2023;65(7):83-88
pages 83-88 views

Animal husbandry

Mortellaro’s disease: cattle morbidity and treatment experience in farms in the Krasnoyarsk Territory

Vakhrusheva T.I.

Abstract

Mortellaro’s disease is one of the most common hoof pathologies in cows of bacterial etiology. The paper presents the analysis results of the incidence, etiology and efficiency of preventive and curative interventions for Mortellaro’s disease in cattle in the conditions of farms in the Krasnoyarsk Territory. This disease was identified for 20.5 % of animals with hoof pathologies. The high morbidity level of Mortellaro’s disease is associated with errors in preventive measures. The main reason for the occurrence of disease is the lack of proper exercise for cows and the ignorance of zoo-hygienic standards for cow keeping. The applied pathology treatment regimens, including etiotropic, symptomatic and pathogenetic therapies, were found for the high efficiency.

Izvestiâ Komi naučnogo centra Uralʹskogo otdeleniâ Rossijskoj akademii nauk. 2023;65(7):89-92
pages 89-92 views

Slow-release drug for the treatment of piglet pneumonia

Zuev N.P., Lopatin V.T., Tuchkov N.S., Shutikov V.A., Adonyeva E.V.

Abstract

qualities, direct emergency costs associated with frequent and often inefficient treatment of animals, disinfection, sanitary repair of rooms and others, indirect costs. The paper considers how to increase the efficiency of measures against piglet pneumonia of bacterial etiology. It discusses tylosin forms, the possibilities of prevention of toxic effects by achieving a fast and complete effect when drugs are administered in lower, than usual, daily doses, prevention or reduction of the acquired drug resistance of pathogenic microorganisms. It also highlights the questions of increasing the economic efficiency, environmental safety and economic efficiency of the drugs used.

Izvestiâ Komi naučnogo centra Uralʹskogo otdeleniâ Rossijskoj akademii nauk. 2023;65(7):93-97
pages 93-97 views

Milk productivity and reproductive qualities of different-aged Holstein cows in conditions of a robotic farm

Kulibekov K.K.

Abstract

The high potential of milk productivity, especially together with the individual milk production technology, is an indispensable condition for the successful operation of large robotic livestock complexes as soon as these complexes sum up the total production and the milk yields. Therefore, this work studies the issues of assessing the milk productivity and reproductive qualities of different-aged Holstein cows in conditions of a robotic farm.

Izvestiâ Komi naučnogo centra Uralʹskogo otdeleniâ Rossijskoj akademii nauk. 2023;65(7):98-102
pages 98-102 views

Genetic diversity of today’s and ancestral populations of purebred Kholmogory cattle in the Komi Republic

Matyukov V.S., Zharikov Y.A.

Abstract

The genealogical information and genetic markers of different types were used to evaluate the genetic diversity of the endangered Kholmogory cattle breed in the Komi Republic. The main genealogical and gene pool of the ancestral population is available in the gene pool farms and the bank of cryopreserved semen of bulls. The effective number of the today’s population is sufficient to prevent the inbreeding from increasing above the acceptable limits for a short time. However, to maintain the genetic diversity for a long time, we need to attain at least a two-fold increase in the effective population number, primarily by increasing the number of seed donors. The use of different types of markers allows to obtain the exhaustive and objective information about the dynamics of the gene pool of the endangered breed.

Izvestiâ Komi naučnogo centra Uralʹskogo otdeleniâ Rossijskoj akademii nauk. 2023;65(7):103-111
pages 103-111 views

Phenotypic and genetic characteristics of the reindeer herd of the Yamal Experimental Station

Nikolaev S.V., Maksimchik M.A., Loginov S.V.

Abstract

This work is the phenotypic and genetic assessment of the reindeer herd of the Yamal Experimental Station being a separate structural subdivision of the Federal Research Center Tyumen Science Center of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences. The study population is shown to have all the external characteristics of the Nenets breed but genetically has the high level of allelic diversity, surpasses other populations of reindeer by the observed and expected heterozygosity, demonstrates minimum positive values of the fixation index. By the component analysis, the studied herd is similar to the animals of the Komi Republic and the Nenets Autonomous Okrug and differs from other reindeer of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug. The data obtained can be used for the development of breeding programs in reindeer herding farms of various forms of ownership which will increase the economic efficiency of reindeer husbandry.

Izvestiâ Komi naučnogo centra Uralʹskogo otdeleniâ Rossijskoj akademii nauk. 2023;65(7):112-116
pages 112-116 views

The efficiency of carbetocin for correction of the reproductive function of sow pigs

Filatov A.V., Minin A.V., Sapozhnikov A.F.

Abstract

The article shows the efficiency of the preparation carbetocin during the postpartum period in highly productive sows. The use of a prolonged form of oxytocin in postpartum animals activates the contractile activity of smooth muscle structures of the myometrium. Against this background, we record a 2.57-fold decrease in the incidence of postpartum endometritis and postpartum dysgalactia of sows. The young animals have then high viability and growth energy values. After weaning of piglets, the breeding stock quickly restores the sexual cycle. The efficiency of insemination is comparatively high.

Izvestiâ Komi naučnogo centra Uralʹskogo otdeleniâ Rossijskoj akademii nauk. 2023;65(7):117-120
pages 117-120 views

Anniversaries

Kazanovskiy, Evgeniy Stepanovich

Izvestiâ Komi naučnogo centra Uralʹskogo otdeleniâ Rossijskoj akademii nauk. 2023;65(7):126-126
pages 126-126 views

Matyukov Valeriy Samuilovich

Izvestiâ Komi naučnogo centra Uralʹskogo otdeleniâ Rossijskoj akademii nauk. 2023;65(7):127-128
pages 127-128 views

Economics

Management of the agroindustrial complex of the northern region

Yudin A.A., Tarabukina T.V.

Abstract

The article considers the management approach of the agroindustrial complex via determining the significance level of agricultural production development, includes the results of calculations based on a point-rating system using the additive method for differentiating the municipalities of the Komi Republic by production, socio-geographic and labor groups of factors.

Izvestiâ Komi naučnogo centra Uralʹskogo otdeleniâ Rossijskoj akademii nauk. 2023;65(7):121-125
pages 121-125 views

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