No 7 (2023)

Potato virus Y infects potato plants and causes serious damage to agriculture by reducing the yield of this crop. Therefore, there is a need to identify this pathogen. Potato viruses contain RNA, so immunological methods or PCR combined with reverse transcription can be used. The aim of this work was to develop a PCR test system for the detection of Potato virus Y. Primers for the reverse transcription reaction and subsequent PCR were found. Annealing temperatures and size of the amplified fragment were calculated. Primers and reaction conditions on plant material were tested. PCR products of the calculated size were obtained. The determination of their nucleotide sequence confirmed the identification of the genetic material of Potato virus Y. Thus, this PCR test system can be used to detect Potato virus Y.

This work aims at the influence of plant growth regulators on the ability of strawberry varieties to form runners in the conditions of the southern forest-steppe zone of Bashkortostan. The plants were twice sprayed with Albit (0.6 g/l), Krezacin (1 g/l), Zircon (1 g/l), and control water. The use of foliar fertilizers increased the resistance of strawberry plants to unfavorable environmental conditions. The use of Zircon increased the number of strawberry runners by 1.1-1.4 time and the number of daughter rosettes by 1.1-1.5 time. The Asia variety turned out to be highly sensitive to the use of preparations; the proportion of rosettes increased by 27 – 54 % above the control. Under the influence of growth regulators, the Festivalnaya romashka (Festival Chamomile) variety had the largest proportion of plants with runners, up to 83.3 %.

In order to study the effect of low-energy monochrome radiation on the germination of rapeseed of the new variety Antares, the authors used light-emitting diodes of blue (440 nm), green (525 nm), red (660 nm) and far red (730 nm) light, as well as those of UV-A radiation (380 nm) with an intensity of 0.367–6.904 µmol/m2* s on different spectra. Different types of monochrome radiation affected the germination of seeds and the growth of sprouts in different ways. According to the indicators of germination energy, seed germination, weight of 100 sprouts, and yield of green mass, the best results were obtained when germinating using the green light. Based on experimental data, the patent was issued for the invention “The activation method of rapeseed germination under monospectral illumination”. Irradiation of seeds with the monochrome far-red light significantly reduced the germination ability and yield of sprouts.

Cock’s foot as an early-ripening, highly nutritious cereal is a valuable fodder crop being demanded in fodder production. Under favorable environmental conditions of moisture and nutrition, this crop becomes a complete feed with an average energy nutrition of more than 10 MJ of exchangeable energy in 1 kg of dry matter and a crude protein content of 17-19 %. The aim of our study was to investigate and isolate promising selection numbers with high yields of dry matter, good quality of fodder with the highly adaptive resistance to various abiotic and biotic stress factors. The study material was four promising selection numbers in the breeding nursery as SN 10/18 (control), SN 5/18, SN 8/18, and SN 16/18. In three investigation years, we gave prominence by fodder productivity to selection samples SN 8/18 and SN 5/18, dry matter of which yielded 25.4 and 20.4 t/ha exceeding the control sample (19.2 t/ha) by 6.2 and 1.2 t/ha or 32.3 % and 6.3 %, respectively. The crude protein content in dry matter of the studied numbers ranged from 12.7 to 13.5 %. According to this indicator, the selection samples surpassed the control (12.3 %). The highest indicator value was found for SN 16/18. SN 8/18 was best in terms of crude protein yields summarized for three years (3.3 t/ha). The selection samples that showed high results in the experiment will be involved into the breeding process as sources of economically valuable traits.

The article discusses the results of two years of testing the potato varieties of the Ural selection from the collection of the Institute of Agrobiotechnology. The obtained data indicate a greater plasticity of the studied varieties. The first results including the phenological data allow us to recommend the varieties Terra and Shah for use in potato growing practice in the northern region. Hybrids demonstrated the relatively high productivity rate with the high marketability of the varieties 14-27-6 and 17-47-3. The maximum yield and marketability of tubers were identified for the varieties Terra (34.1 t/ha and 97.5 %), Mishka (32.2 t/ha and 97.1 %) in 2022. The maximum weight of tubers per shrub (0.701 kg) but the minimum marketability (88.5%) was recorded for the Argo variety.

The stationary field experiment in soddy-podzolic sandy loam verified the effect of organic and mineral fertilizers and their combinations on the potato productivity. Additionally, the properties of soddy-podzolic sandy loam in conditions of six-field fodder crop rotation were analyzed. The complex application of fertilizers was found to have the maximum effect on the agrochemical properties of the soil and its productivity. For example, the content of humus increased by 0.4 %, mobile phosphorus – by 120 mg/kg. Simultaneously, the exchangeable and hydrolytic soil acidity, as well as the amount of exchangeable potassium, decreased. The complex application of organic and mineral fertilizers, especially in high doses, increased average potato yields and quality. The average yield of 5.5 t potato dry matter of high quality/ha was obtained on the application of 80 t/ha of peat-manure compost and a full dose of mineral fertilizers (N₆₀P₃₀K₁₈₀).

This article discusses the varieties of berry crops, particularly everbearing raspberry and garden strawberry, which are important sources of vitamin products. The results of the study will help to select suitable varieties of berry crops for cultivation in the Komi Republic and contribute to the development of agriculture in the region. During the study, it was found that the most promising varieties of everbearing raspberry for cultivation in the Komi Republic are Nedosyagaemaya and Bryanskoe Divo and those of garden strawberry - Bereginya and Geyser.

Mortellaro’s disease is one of the most common hoof pathologies in cows of bacterial etiology. The paper presents the analysis results of the incidence, etiology and efficiency of preventive and curative interventions for Mortellaro’s disease in cattle in the conditions of farms in the Krasnoyarsk Territory. This disease was identified for 20.5 % of animals with hoof pathologies. The high morbidity level of Mortellaro’s disease is associated with errors in preventive measures. The main reason for the occurrence of disease is the lack of proper exercise for cows and the ignorance of zoo-hygienic standards for cow keeping. The applied pathology treatment regimens, including etiotropic, symptomatic and pathogenetic therapies, were found for the high efficiency.

The high potential of milk productivity, especially together with the individual milk production technology, is an indispensable condition for the successful operation of large robotic livestock complexes as soon as these complexes sum up the total production and the milk yields. Therefore, this work studies the issues of assessing the milk productivity and reproductive qualities of different-aged Holstein cows in conditions of a robotic farm.

This work is the phenotypic and genetic assessment of the reindeer herd of the Yamal Experimental Station being a separate structural subdivision of the Federal Research Center Tyumen Science Center of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences. The study population is shown to have all the external characteristics of the Nenets breed but genetically has the high level of allelic diversity, surpasses other populations of reindeer by the observed and expected heterozygosity, demonstrates minimum positive values of the fixation index. By the component analysis, the studied herd is similar to the animals of the Komi Republic and the Nenets Autonomous Okrug and differs from other reindeer of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug. The data obtained can be used for the development of breeding programs in reindeer herding farms of various forms of ownership which will increase the economic efficiency of reindeer husbandry.

The article considers the management approach of the agroindustrial complex via determining the significance level of agricultural production development, includes the results of calculations based on a point-rating system using the additive method for differentiating the municipalities of the Komi Republic by production, socio-geographic and labor groups of factors.