Problems of External Social Factors Determining the Personality of a Professional Criminal

The article examines the issues of the personality of a professional criminal, the reason and mechanism of his behavior, the conditions for the formation of selfish motivation, antisocial orientation, lifestyle and psychological attitudes. Consequently, on the basis of personality typology, we can talk about various areas of study of professional criminals and this applies not only to the general type, but also to specific categories of persons - minors, recidivists, men, women, etc., when signs of a private order are taken into account. A crime committed in a certain way not only makes it possible to talk about the individual manner of the perpetrator, but also indicates the type of the offender. Therefore, in order to deeply study the personality of a professional criminal, it is necessary to know the typical in such persons. When studying the personality of a criminal, the peculiarity of the typology lies in the fact that the subject of cognition is not a separate personality or strictly differentiated groups of criminals, but the unity of the essence of the personality forming properties and characteristics determined by objective conditions. The purpose of the presented study is to consider the issues arising in this area regarding its external social factors that determine the personality of a professional criminal. Analyzing the connection of a professional criminal with an asocial environment, it becomes clear that a person who has embarked on a criminal path refuses generally accepted social norms of behavior. It acquires completely different features characteristic of a particular antisocial group. The systematic conduct of an antisocial way of life causes a psychological need in the criminal to communicate with the environment, which is close to his own idea of the way of life. On the other hand, the very existence of this environment often determines the further behavior of the criminal. It is in this environment that such individuals find support, moral incentives and experience. The relationship of the criminal with the criminogenic environment is more vividly observed in the forms of his communication with others. He can be a member of a criminal group, visit places of gatherings of criminal elements, keep in touch with other criminals, etc. Only in the criminal environment do professional criminals find support and protection from both law enforcement agencies and the surrounding criminal environment. Based on the study, the authors come to the conclusion that crime is a social phenomenon inherent in any society. The sociality of crime is negative and interferes with the normal development of the social organism. By its nature, crime is practically antisocial, and its causes are rooted in the defects of social development, in the disorder of the social mechanism of society. Parasitizing on the disharmony of social development, crime intensifies it, further exacerbating the negative processes taking place in society, decomposing society from the inside and causing new factors to stimulate the growth of crime. Speaking about professional crime, we must take into account that it is generated by the same reasons as crime in general, as a social phenomenon. The influence of the subculture on recruiting the ranks of professional criminals is possible only with the weakening of the economic, social and moral institutions of society.

criminology, the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, professional crime, criminal professionalism, criminal subculture