Functional magnetic resonance imaging in the diagnosis of cognitive impairment: A review

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Abstract

By now, methods structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) have firmly taken their rightful place in the diagnosis diseases accompanied by impaired cognitive functions. They make it possible to determine topical localization foci brain damage, degree impairment, and also contribute clarifying etiology disease. However, it should be noted that possibilities standard MRI are absolutely not exhaustive and are not always able diagnose changes specific particular disease. In addition, there is no complete correspondence between observed degree damage structure individual parts brain and features clinical manifestations disorders higher cortical functions. This makes it difficult use conventional MRI for prognostic purposes calculating course diseases. Currently, new methods neuroimaging based on magnetic resonance are being actively developed. These include, in particular, functional MRI (fMRI). Feature of fMRI is the ability to identify specific parts brain involved in the implementation certain cognitive functions. Knowing the topographic and anatomical localization these departments in healthy individuals, it is possible to characterize the changes observed in the development disorders higher cortical functions. This makes it possible to understand structural and functional foundations certain clinical equivalents observed in certain nosological forms. In addition, this approach makes it possible to predict development course disease, and also has a serious potential for assessing rehabilitation opportunities. Obtaining such data helps to improve the construction diagnostic models, optimizes therapeutic and diagnostic algorithm. The purpose of this publication is to analyze and systematize data available in the literature use fMRI in elderly patients with impaired cognitive functions in cerebrovascular pathology and Alzheimer's disease.

About the authors

Anna M. Tantasheva

Almazov National Medical Research Centre

Email: sergiognezdo@yandex.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-4149-0029

Neurologist

Russian Federation, Saint Petersburg

Sergey V. Vorobyev

Almazov National Medical Research Centre; Saint Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University

Author for correspondence.
Email: sergiognezdo@yandex.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-4830-907X

D. Sci. (Med.)

Russian Federation, Saint Petersburg; Saint Petersburg

Stanislav N. Yanishevskiy

Almazov National Medical Research Centre

Email: sergiognezdo@yandex.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-6484-286X

D. Sci. (Med.), Assoc. Prof.

Russian Federation, Saint Petersburg

Aleksandr Y. Efimtsev

Almazov National Medical Research Centre

Email: sergiognezdo@yandex.ru

D. Sci. (Med.)

Russian Federation, Saint Petersburg

Andrey V. Sokolov

Almazov National Medical Research Centre; Kirov Military Medical Academy

Email: sergiognezdo@yandex.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-0685-5109

Radiologist

Russian Federation, Saint Petersburg; Saint Petersburg

Ivan K. Ternovykh

Almazov National Medical Research Centre

Email: sergiognezdo@yandex.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-0074-4021

Assistant

Russian Federation, Saint Petersburg

Maria S. Antusheva

Almazov National Medical Research Centre

Email: sergiognezdo@yandex.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-4456-0398

Student

Russian Federation, Saint Petersburg

Kamila S. Seitkazina

Almazov National Medical Research Centre

Email: sergiognezdo@yandex.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-6772-7018

Clinical Resident

Russian Federation, Saint Petersburg

Kristina M. Shubina

Almazov National Medical Research Centre

Email: sergiognezdo@yandex.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-7336-3860

Graduate Student

Russian Federation, Saint Petersburg

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