Volume 16, Nº 1 (2024)

Introduction. The article describes the phonetic and morphological features of one of the translations of the Gospel of Luke into the Udmurt language of the early XIX century. The main purpose of the study is to determine the dialect basis of the written monument using the identified phonetic and morphological phenomena.
Materials and Methods. The source base of the research is the corpus of the handwritten text “St. Luke’s Holy Gospel” in the Udmurt language, which is stored in the Saint-Petersburg branch of the Archive of the Russian Academy of Sciences. The main methods of the research are descriptive and comparative.
Results and Discussion. During the research, there were identified various phonetic and morphological characteristics inherent in the language of this written monument. Among them, the following can be noted: progressive labial distant assimilation; the loss of the final vowel of the base ы of verbs of the I conjugation before the subjunctive mood indicator, the infinitive marker and the formants of some adverbs; the functioning of the forms of ordinal numerals, as well as verbs ending in personal indicators -мы, -ды, -зы, with emphasis not on the last syllable of the word; the use of personally possessive markers with an i-vowel in words denoting terms of closest relationship; the formation of accusative forms of the plural number of simple declension using the suffix -ты; marking of forms of the reflexive voice from verbs of the I conjugation with the final -ты- basis indicator -чк-, etc.
Conclusion. Most of the phenomena identified in the source turned out to be archaic in origin. However, there are also innovative features in the monument, which make it possible to state that the dialect of the northern dialect of the Udmurt language was used for the preparation of the manuscript.

Introduction. A unique source for the study of the historical dialectology of the Karelian language from the moment of the formation of its main dialect areas until the beginning of their research in the middle of the XIX century is old-written monuments such as dictionary entries and translations of texts of spiritual content. This article is the fi rst attempt to analyze and identify the dialectal features of the Karelian language material presented in two parts of the Comparative Dictionary of All Languages and Dialects by P. S. Pallas, to determine the possible geographical localization of its sources.
Materials and Methods. The object of the study was 479 lexemes “Korela way” and 275 lexemes “Olonets way” written down in Cyrillic symbols. To determine their dialectal affi liations, they were analyzed using modern dialectal data on 21 Karelian sub-dialects of Karelia and Central Russia from the “Contrastive onomasiological dictionary of the Karelian, Veps and Sami languages”. The study was based on the use of the philological and the comparative historical methods. As all the above-listed materials were uploaded as separate dictionaries to the LingvoDoc linguistic platform, it became possible to apply the cognate analysis tool to them.
Results and Discussion. The results of the study confi dently point to the Karelian-Proper origin of the material in the “Korela” part and the Livvi origin of the material in the “Olonets” part of the dictionary, as evidenced by vivid phonetic, phonological, morphological, and lexical dialectal markers. Noteworthy is the obvious dialectal heterogeneity of the sources of the “Korela” glossary, where many concepts are supplied with several matches containing some differential features of various Karelian-Proper dialects. Comparison against data from modern Karelian dialects permitted the presumable source sub-dialects to be identifi ed.
Conclusions. Judging by some specifi c features identifi ed in the “Olonets” part of the dictionary, the data therein can be traced to south-eastern sub-dialects of the Livvi supradialect. Considering the scope of dialectal markers overlap with data from modern Karelian-Proper sub-dialects, “Korela” material most often shows coincides with sub-dialects of the Tunguda-Kem’ and Padany-Myanduselga ranges and with the sub-dialects of Karelian spoken in Central Russia. A valid assumption would be that the language material for the dictionary was collected in the immediate vicinity of the administrative centers of the Olonets, Kem’, and Povenets Uyezds of the Olonets Viceroyalty. More studies are needed to specify the geographic ranges of sub-dialects in Central Russia more precisely.

Introduction. In the policy of patriotic education in Russia, despite its undoubted relevance due to the increase in modern challenges, an insuffi ciently high degree of institutionalization remains. It manifests itself, among other things, in the normative plane. The positive activity of the subjects of the Federation in this area can reduce existing vulnerabilities and gaps. The study was undertaken in order to identify the specifi cs of the process of institutionalization of the regional level in the fi eld of patriotic education on the example of the Finno-Ugric republics of the Volga Federal District.
Materials and Methods. The main sources are normative legal acts and conceptual and strategic documents of the Russian Federation and the subjects of the Federation, materials from the offi cial websites of the Plenipotentiary Representative of the President of the Russian Federation in the Volga Federal District, offi cial websites / portals of public authorities of the Finno-Ugric republics-subjects of the Russian Federation within the Volga Federal District, data from information and legal and reference systems. The main methods are comparative, synchronous and diachronic analysis, qualitative analysis of documents, decomposition and case study.
Results and Discussion. A set of documentary sources in the fi eld of patriotic education is analyzed. The progress and results of the process of its legislative institutionalization in the subjects of the Federation since 2010 are shown, the time intervals at which the peak values occurred are highlighted. The peculiarities of the participation of the Republic of Mari El, Mordovia and Udmurtia in this process are emphasized. A comparison of their normative legal acts, conceptual, strategic and program documents in force at the present stage, as well as a retrospective comparison was carried out. Special attention is paid to the study of the historical and patriotic component of normative and programmatic guidelines, ongoing projects and activities at the republic level.
Conclusion. The experience of the Republic of Mari El, Mordovia and Udmurtia is assessed as constructive and consistent with current trends in the process of institutionalization of the policy of patriotic education on a nationwide scale. The revealed variability of their approaches and practices in historical and modern perspectives is quite moderate and does not imply a deterioration of the situation in the future. At the same time, their further improvement and elimination of detected vulnerabilities are required.

Introduction. The article considers the history of monetary taxes and fees in the state village of the XVIII century. During the period under study in Russia, there was a restructuring of the taxation system, a transition to poll taxation was carried out, and the nomenclature of monetary fees changed. The state peasants of the North and Komi region were also included in these changes. At the same time, the payment of state taxes in this territory had its own peculiarities. The purpose of the article is to consider the collection of monetary taxes and fees on the territory of the Komi region.
Materials and Methods. The research was conducted on the materials of published and unpublished (archival) sources. The latter were divided into directive (resolutions and decisions); organizational (minutes of meetings); communicative (correspondence) and accounting (reports). Their analysis was based on a systematic approach, which predetermined the use of such basic methods as system-structural, historical, formal-legal and some others.
Results and Discussion. As shown by the study of historical sources and literature, black-collar peasants lived on the territory of the Komi region (Yarensky and Ust-Sysolsky counties of the Vologda province) until the beginning of the XVIII century and at a later time – state peasants. They paid a number of monetary taxes, performed duties in favor of the state. In the XVIII century the government changed the taxation system by introducing a poll tax, a levy, which were strictly regulated and mandatory for everyone. In addition to them, there were so-called zemstvo fees in the state village of the Komi region. They were not regular and clearly fi xed.
Conclusion. The strengthening of the tax press, on the one hand, led to a deterioration in the economic situation of the peasants, and on the other – activated the population to search for new sources of income. The role of extraterrestrial activities gradually increased, spatial expansion of territories took place, new industries appeared. Income from extraterrestrial activities began to displace income from agricultural activities and turned into the main source for the payment of monetary taxes and fees.

IIntroduction. V. I. Lytkin is one of the founders of Komi science and literature. In 1926–1928 he was on a research internship abroad (Finland, Hungary, Estonia). In his article about his impressions of his stay in Finland, as well as in his diary of this period, V. I. Lytkin mentioned that articles about him were published in Finnish newspapers. The paper discusses the materials of the Finnish media about V. I. Lytkin.
Materials and Methods. The research material is Finnish newspaper articles about V. I. Lytkin in the 1920s, as well as in the 1950s–1980s. The research method is a continuous selection of texts from digital databases of Finnish printed periodicals (newspapers).
Results and Discussion. The publications about the Komi researcher and poet were published both in the central national Finnish newspapers and in local publications. The main part of them refers to 1926–1927 – the time of the Komi researcher's stay in Helsinki, but in the Finnish media the name of V. I. Lytkin can be found later as well, in the 1950s–1980s. Interviews with the Komi researcher are published in newspapers, mentions of him can also be found in regular reports on the activities of various scientific societies and in other publications.
Conclusion. The internship abroad is an important period in the life of V. I. Lytkin. The materials of Finnish newspapers of the 1920s (and 1950s–1980s) are a significant addition to the biography of the Komi researcher and poet. The interviews indicate that for the Finnish public, the Komi intern was a valuable source of information about the Komi and other Russian Finno-Ugric peoples. Other newspaper materials allow us to trace some aspects of V. I. Lytkin's stay in Finland (speeches at societies, activities to establish links between research organizations, etc.).