Generalized tetanus in an 11-year-old boy: A case report

Cover Page

Cite item

Full Text

Abstract

The study presents a case report of a generalized form of severe tetanus in an unvaccinated 11-year-old child. Pain and convulsive syndromes, respiratory failure, and damage to the gastrointestinal tract prevailed in the acute period. Antibiotic therapy, anti-tetanus serum, adequate pain relief, and anticonvulsant therapy were the leading treatments of the child. Moreover, the paper discusses literature data on the options for the clinical course and choice of treatment strategies. The lack of planned vaccination in children is unsafe.

About the authors

Artem A. Kozlov

Altai Regional Clinical Center for Maternal and Child Health

Author for correspondence.
Email: timoshechka1@mail.ru

anesthesiologist-resuscitator

Russian Federation, 179 Gushchina str., Barnaul, 656019

Irina V. Shevchuk

Altai Regional Clinical Center for Maternal and Child Health

Email: ishkorbotova@mail.ru

resident physician

Russian Federation, 179 Gushchina str., Barnaul, 656019

Aleksei E. Zavialov

Altai Regional Clinical Center for Maternal and Child Health

Email: zavjlovae@yandex.ru
SPIN-code: 5728-6239

Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor, anesthesiologist-resuscitator

Russian Federation, 179 Gushchina str., Barnaul, 656019

Anatoly N. Emelyanov

Altai Regional Clinical Center for Maternal and Child Health

Email: anatoliy1793@gmail.com

anesthesiologist-resuscitator

Russian Federation, 179 Gushchina str., Barnaul, 656019

References

  1. Filippov PG. Yushchuk ND, Vengerov YuYa. Infectious Diseases. National guidelines. Yushchuk ND, Vengerov YuYa., eds. Moscow: GEOTAR-Media; 2009. P. 521–529. (In Russ.)
  2. Maltseva LA, Mosentsev NF, Maltsev IA, Mishchenko EA. Tetanus: review of current guidelines on the epidemiology, etiology, pathogenesis, clinical picture, intensive care wartime and peacetime. Emergency Medicine. 2017;(3):86–90. doi: 10.22141/2224-0586.3.82.2017.102329 (In Russ.)
  3. World Health Organization (WHO). Tetanus [Internet]. Available from: http://www.who.int/immunization/diseases/tetanus/en/
  4. Yen LM, Thwaites CL. Tetanus. Lancet. 2019;393(10181):1657–1668. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(18)33131-3
  5. European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control. Tetanus. In: ECDC. Annual epidemiological report for 2018. Stockholm: ECDC; 2020. Available from: https://www.ecdc.europa.eu/sites/default/files/documents/Tetanus_AER_2018_Report.pdf
  6. WHO vaccine-preventable diseases: monitoring system. 2020 global summary. Incidence time series for Russian Federation (RUS). Available from: https://apps.who.int/immunization_monitoring/globalsummary/incidences?c=RUS.
  7. Petlakh VI. Tetanus in children: current concepts of the infection management. Almanac of Clinical Medicine. 2018;46(2):160–170. (In Russ.) doi: 10.18786/2072-0505-2018-46-2-160-170
  8. Hatkar N, Shah N, Imran S, Jadhao A. Study of incidence, mortality & causes of neonatal tetanus among all Neonatal Intensive Care Unit [NICU] admissions in tertiary health care center of SBHGMC, Dhule. Journal of Evolution of Medical and Dental Sciences. 2015;4(40):6967–6973. doi: 10.14260/jemds/2015/1012
  9. Simovanyan EM, Goncharova EL, Denisenko VB. Tetanus is a difficult diagnosis in children. Children’s Infections. 2019;18(4):70–72. (In Russ.) doi: 10.22627/2072-8107-2019-18-4-70-72
  10. Kosam A, Durga K, Kumar H. Clinical profile and prognostic indicators of tetanus in children. Int J Med Res Rev. 2015;3(6):601–607. doi: 10.17511/ijmrr.2015.i6.117
  11. Brook I. Tetanus in children. Pediatr Emerg Care. 2004;20(1):48–51. doi: 10.1097/01.pec.0000106245.72265.71
  12. Naseem F, Mahar IA, Arif F. Two years’ study of Tetanus cases in a Paediatric Intensive Care Unit. Pak J Med Sci. 2016;32(3):641–645. doi: 10.12669/pjms.323.9165
  13. Dalal Sh, Samuelson Ju, Reed J, et al. Tetanus disease and deaths in men reveal need for vaccination. Bull World Health Organ. 2016;94(8):613–621. doi: 10.2471/BLT.15.166777
  14. Petlakh VI. Evolution of methods of treatment of tetanus in children (on the example of clinical case). Treatment and Prevention. 2017;7(4):63–66. (In Russ.)
  15. Jozani Z, Ahmad S, Agha S. Tetanus in an unvaccinated child: A case report. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Disease. 2012;2(4):335–336. doi: 10.1016/S2222-1808(12)60073-5
  16. Platonova TA, Golubkova AA, Koltunova ES, et al. National Vaccination Shedule: Quality of Performance and Determining Factors. Epidemiology and Vaccinal Prevention. 2019;18(2):97–103. (In Russ.) doi: 10.31631/2073-3046-2019-18-2-97-103
  17. Yeh FL, Dong M, Yao J, et al. SV2 mediates entry of tetanus neurotoxin into central neurons. PLoS Pathog. 2010;6(11):e1001207. doi: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1001207
  18. Hinfey PB, Ripper J, Engell KA, Chappell KN. Tetanus Treatment & Management. [Internet]. Available from: https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/229594-treatment
  19. Rodrigo C, Fernando D, Rajapakse S. Pharmacological management of tetanus: an evidence-based review. Crit Care. 2014;18(2):217. doi: 10.1186/cc13797
  20. Niu KY, Lin YK. Generalized tetanus. CMAJ. 2019;191(34):E944. doi: 10.1503/cmaj.190161
  21. Petlakh VI, Kuzmenko TN. Treatment of a child with generalized tetanus. Russian Journal of Pediatric Surgery, Anesthesia and Intensive Care. 2017;7(2):51–54. (In Russ.)
  22. World Health Organization (WHO). Prevention and management of wound infection [Internet]. Available from: https://www.who.int/hac/techguidance/tools/guidelines_prevention_and_management_wound_infection.pdf
  23. Bush LM, Vazquez-Pertejo MT. Tetanus (Lockjaw) [Internet]. Available from: https://www.msdmanuals.com/professional/infectious-diseases/anaerobic-bacteria/tetanus

Supplementary files

Supplementary Files
Action
1. JATS XML
Download

Согласие на обработку персональных данных

 

Используя сайт https://journals.rcsi.science, я (далее – «Пользователь» или «Субъект персональных данных») даю согласие на обработку персональных данных на этом сайте (текст Согласия) и на обработку персональных данных с помощью сервиса «Яндекс.Метрика» (текст Согласия).