NON-ACADEMIC PHILOSOPHY: PERSONALISTIC REPRESENTATION (XX CENTURY). Part 1

The article attempts to identify the specificity of non-academic philosophy through the representation of five philosophers of the non-academic trend of the 20th century. At the same time, the goal is to identify conceptual variations of non-academic philosophy,
to take a step towards its typology. In addition, the experience of personal or personalistic comprehension, according to the author, contributes to a better understanding of the role and significance of non-academic philosophy as a whole as a socio-cultural phenomenon. The five individuals under consideration (Ludwig Wittgenstein, Albert Camus, Martin Heidegger, Nikolai Berdiaev and Merab Mamardashvili) are defined as the embodiments of five characteristic types of non-academic philosophizing – a nonconformist philosopher, a rebel philosopher,
a hermit philosopher, an exiled philosopher and a philosopher-artist (orator, teacher). Of course, non-academic philosophy is not limited to these types, but their consideration allows us to generally identify the specifics of the phenomenon under consideration and substantiate its very presence in social and cultural spaces, as well as its significant influence on social and cultural processes. At the same time, it is emphasized that the division of philosophy into academic and non-academic is not absolute. In addition, the author concludes that a more in-depth study of non-academic philosophy as a significant socio-cultural phenomenon, which has not received enough scientific attention so far, is relevant and in demand.