RAS and SARS-CoV-2 interaction: short review of the latest evidence
- Authors: Vitiello A.1, Ferrara F.2
-
Affiliations:
- Ministry of Health
- Asl Napoli 3 Sud
- Issue: Vol 13, No 1 (2023)
- Pages: 171-173
- Section: SHORT COMMUNICATIONS
- URL: https://journal-vniispk.ru/2220-7619/article/view/126047
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.15789/2220-7619-TCB-1613
- ID: 126047
Cite item
Full Text
Abstract
Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 is responsible for the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) cause of the recent global pandemic, which is causing thousands of deaths worldwide and represents a health challenge with few precedents in human history. The angiotensin 2 conversion enzyme (ACE-2) has been identified as the receptor that facilitates access to SARS-CoV-2 in cells; evidence shows that its concentration varies during the various stages of viral infection. Therapeutic agents modifying the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) may be able to modulate the concentration of ACE-2 and the various components of the system. In this article we examine the latest evidence on the association between the use of RAS modifying agents and coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) disease caused by SARS-CoV-2. Our investigation and critical literature research does not suggest discontinuation of ACEIs/ARBs treatment in clinical practice as there is a lack of robust evidence. However, we recommend further well-structured epidemiological studies investigating this sensitive issue that may provide important new suggestions for implementing guidelines.
Keywords
Full Text
##article.viewOnOriginalSite##About the authors
A. Vitiello
Ministry of Health
Email: ferrarafr@libero.it
Clinical Pharmacologist
Italy, RomeFrancesco Ferrara
Asl Napoli 3 Sud
Author for correspondence.
Email: ferrarafr@libero.it
Hospital Pharmacist Manager, Pharmaceutical Department
Italy, NaplesReferences
- Ashour H.M., Elkhatib W.F., Rahman M.M., Elshabrawy H.A. Insights into the recent 2019 novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) in light of past human coronavirus outbreaks. Pathogens, 2020, vol. 9, no. 3: 186. doi: 10.3390/pathogens9030186
- Baig A.M., Khaleeq A., Ali U., Syeda H. Evidence of the COVID-19 virus targeting the CNS: tissue distribution, host-virus interaction, and proposed neurotropic mechanisms. ACS Chem. Neurosci., 2020, vol. 11, no. 7, pp. 995–998. doi: 10.1021/acschemneuro.0c00122
- Bavishi C., Bangalore S., Messerli F.H. Renin angiotensin aldosterone system inhibitors in hypertension: is there evidence for benefit independent of blood pressure reduction? Prog. Cardiovasc. Dis., 2016, vol. 59, no. 3, pp. 253–261. doi: 10.1016/j.pcad.2016.10.002
- Cascella M., Rajnik M., Aleem A., Dulebohn S.C., Di Napoli R. Features, evaluation, and treatment of coronavirus (COVID-19). In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2022 Jan.
- Fosbøl E.L., Butt J.H., Østergaard L., Andersson C., Selmer C., Kragholm K., Schou M., Phelps M., Gislason G.H., Gerds T.A., Torp-Pedersen C., Køber L. Association of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor or angiotensin receptor blocker use with COVID-19 diagnosis and mortality. JAMA, 2020, vol. 324, no. 2, pp. 168–177. doi: 10.1001/jama.2020.11301
- Liu Z., Xiao X., Wei X., Li J., Yang J., Tan H., Zhu J., Zhang Q., Wu J., Liu L. Composition and divergence of coronavirus spike proteins and host ACE2 receptors predict potential intermediate hosts of SARS-CoV-2. J. Med. Virol., 2020, vol. 92, no. 6, pp. 595–601. doi: 10.1002/jmv.25726
- Reynolds H.R., Adhikari S., Pulgarin C., Troxel A.B., Iturrate E., Johnson S.B., Hausvater A., Newman J.D., Berger J.S., Bangalore S., Katz S.D., Fishman G.I., Kunichoff D., Chen Y., Ogedegbe G., Hochman J.S. Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibitors and risk of COVID-19. N. Engl. J. Med., 2020, vol. 382, no. 25, pp. 2441–2448. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa2008975
- Sama I.E., Ravera A., Santema B.T., van Goor H., Ter Maaten J.M., Cleland J.G.F., Rienstra M., Friedrich A.W., Samani N.J., Ng L.L., Dickstein K., Lang C.C., Filippatos G., Anker S.D., Ponikowski P., Metra M., van Veldhuisen D.J., Voors A.A. Circulating plasma concentrations of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 in men and women with heart failure and effects of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone inhibitors. Eur. Heart J., 2020, vol. 41, no. 19, pp. 1810–1817. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehaa373
- Vitiello A., Ferrara F. Correlation between renin-angiotensin system and Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 infection: what do we know? Eur. J. Pharmacol., 2020, vol. 883: 173373. doi: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173373
- Walls A.C., Park Y.J., Tortorici M.A., Wall A., McGuire A.T., Veesler D. Structure, function, and antigenicity of the SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein. Cell, 2020, vol. 183, no. 6: 1735. doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2020.11.032.
- Yan R., Zhang Y., Li Y., Xia L., Guo Y., Zhou Q. Structural basis for the recognition of SARS-CoV-2 by full-length human ACE2. Science, 2020, vol. 367, no. 6485, pp. 1444–1448. doi: 10.1126/science.abb2762
- Zhang H., Penninger J.M., Li Y., Zhong N., Slutsky A.S. Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) as a SARS-CoV-2 receptor: molecular mechanisms and potential therapeutic target. Intensive Care Med., 2020, vol. 46, no. 4, pp. 586–590. doi: 10.1007/s00134-020-05985-9
- Zhang P., Zhu L., Cai J., Lei F., Qin J.J., Xie J., Liu Y.M., Zhao Y.C., Huang X., Lin L., Xia M., Chen M.M., Cheng X., Zhang X., Guo D., Peng Y., Ji Y.X., Chen J., She Z.G., Wang Y., Xu Q., Tan R., Wang H., Lin J., Luo P., Fu S., Cai H., Ye P., Xiao B., Mao W., Liu L., Yan Y., Liu M., Chen M., Zhang X.J., Wang X., Touyz R.M., Xia J., Zhang B.H., Huang X., Yuan Y., Loomba R., Liu P.P., Li H. Association of inpatient use of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin ii receptor blockers with mortality among patients with hypertension hospitalized with COVID-19. Circ. Res., 2020, vol. 126, no. 12, pp. 1671–1681. doi: 10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.120.317134
Supplementary files
