Biosynthesis of novel MnO2 nanocapsules via C. spinosa extract and honeybee-derived chitosan: exploring antibacterial and anticancer properties

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Abstract

This investigation delves into the integration of Capparis spinosa extract (CSLe) onto manganese dioxide nanoparticles (MnO2NPs) and chitosan derived from honeybees (CSH) in a nanostructured configuration. The resultant nanocomposites, namely CSLe@MnO2NPs and CSH/CSLe@MnO2NPs, underwent thorough characterization through various analytical techniques. UV-Vis spectroscopy unveiled distinctive features, such as ligand-to-metal charge transfer and photoluminescence, affirming the successful chitosan-functionalization of the MnO2NPs, thereby differentiating them from their pristine counterparts. FTIR spectra corroborated the binding of chitosan and identified crucial molecular functional groups. SEM-EDX analysis revealed the morphological properties, addressing non-uniform sizes in the as-calcined MnO2NPs by the uniform coating of CSH on CSLe@MnO2NPs, while EDX confirmed the presence of essential elements. TEM and SAED provided insights into the spherical morphology, crystalline structure, and lattice planes of these nanoparticles. Size distribution measurements highlighted distinctions between CSLe@MnO2NPs and CSH/CSLe@MnO2NPs. The nanomaterials underwent evaluation for their antimicrobial properties against a spectrum of Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacterial strains, with CSH/CSLe@MnO2NPs exhibiting the highest bactericidal activity. Additionally, they demonstrated low minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values, especially against S. aureus (MIC as low as 12.5 µg/ml). Their efficacy extended to anti-biofilm formation, significantly diminishing biofilm development in a dose-dependent manner, a pivotal factor in addressing biofilm-related infections. The study also scrutinized their cytotoxicity against normal Vero and PC3 prostate cancer cells, revealing potential anticancer properties. Dose-dependent reductions in cell viability were observed for both normal and cancer cells. In conclusion, these findings underscore the versatility and promise of CSH/CSLe@MnO2NPs in diverse biomedical applications, including antibacterial, anti-biofilm, and anticancer therapies.

About the authors

Mohamed Gamal Elharrif

Shaqra University

Author for correspondence.
Email: al_harrif@yahoo.com

PhD, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine

Saudi Arabia, Shaqra

N. A. Hassan

Chemical Industries Research Institute, National Research Centre

Email: al_harrif@yahoo.com

PhD, Synthetic Unit, Department of Photochemistry

Egypt, Cairo

M. Sharaf

AL-Azhar University; Ocean University of China

Email: al_harrif@yahoo.com

PhD, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology

Egypt, Nasr City, Cairo; Qingdao, PR China

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2. Figure 1. HPLC chromatogram of C. spinosa extract

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3. Figure 2. Physico-chemical characterization (A) UV-Vis spectroscopic, (B) FTIR of CSH, CSLe@MnO2NPs, and CSH/CSLe@MnO2NPs, (C and D) SEM image (magnification 5 μm and 200 nm), and (E and F) EDX microphotographs of CSLe@MnO2NPs, and CSH/CSLe@MnO2NPs composite

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4. Figure 3. Physico-chemical characterization (A and B) TEM image. (C and D) High-resolution TEM (HRTEM) image and (E and F) SAED pattern of the same. of a single nanoparticle. (G and H) Size distribution measured by TEM of CSLe@MnO2NPs, and CSH/CSLe@MnO2NPs composite

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5. Figure 4. The inhibition zone of different pathogenic bacteria strains S. aureus, S. hominis, E. faecalis, A. baumannii, K. pneumoniae, and E. coli against by (A) negative control (dH2O), (B) positive control, (C) SCLe, (D) SCLe@MnO2NPs, and (E) CSH/SCLe@MnO2NPs

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6. Figure 5. Anti-biofilm activity of (A) SCLe, (B) SCLe@MnO2NPs, and (C) CSH/SCLe@MnO2NPs against selected isolated bacteria pathogen’s

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7. Figure 6. Cytotoxicity of SCLe, MnO2NPs, and CSH/SCLe@MnO2NPs on normal Vero cells (A and B), and prostate carcinoma PC3 cells (C and D) for 24 h. The results were taken from replicated (n = 3) (Mean±SD). (B and D) Morphological features, the images were taken from the cells were treated with an average size of 10 nm for 24 h

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Согласие на обработку персональных данных с помощью сервиса «Яндекс.Метрика»

1. Я (далее – «Пользователь» или «Субъект персональных данных»), осуществляя использование сайта https://journals.rcsi.science/ (далее – «Сайт»), подтверждая свою полную дееспособность даю согласие на обработку персональных данных с использованием средств автоматизации Оператору - федеральному государственному бюджетному учреждению «Российский центр научной информации» (РЦНИ), далее – «Оператор», расположенному по адресу: 119991, г. Москва, Ленинский просп., д.32А, со следующими условиями.

2. Категории обрабатываемых данных: файлы «cookies» (куки-файлы). Файлы «cookie» – это небольшой текстовый файл, который веб-сервер может хранить в браузере Пользователя. Данные файлы веб-сервер загружает на устройство Пользователя при посещении им Сайта. При каждом следующем посещении Пользователем Сайта «cookie» файлы отправляются на Сайт Оператора. Данные файлы позволяют Сайту распознавать устройство Пользователя. Содержимое такого файла может как относиться, так и не относиться к персональным данным, в зависимости от того, содержит ли такой файл персональные данные или содержит обезличенные технические данные.

3. Цель обработки персональных данных: анализ пользовательской активности с помощью сервиса «Яндекс.Метрика».

4. Категории субъектов персональных данных: все Пользователи Сайта, которые дали согласие на обработку файлов «cookie».

5. Способы обработки: сбор, запись, систематизация, накопление, хранение, уточнение (обновление, изменение), извлечение, использование, передача (доступ, предоставление), блокирование, удаление, уничтожение персональных данных.

6. Срок обработки и хранения: до получения от Субъекта персональных данных требования о прекращении обработки/отзыва согласия.

7. Способ отзыва: заявление об отзыве в письменном виде путём его направления на адрес электронной почты Оператора: info@rcsi.science или путем письменного обращения по юридическому адресу: 119991, г. Москва, Ленинский просп., д.32А

8. Субъект персональных данных вправе запретить своему оборудованию прием этих данных или ограничить прием этих данных. При отказе от получения таких данных или при ограничении приема данных некоторые функции Сайта могут работать некорректно. Субъект персональных данных обязуется сам настроить свое оборудование таким способом, чтобы оно обеспечивало адекватный его желаниям режим работы и уровень защиты данных файлов «cookie», Оператор не предоставляет технологических и правовых консультаций на темы подобного характера.

9. Порядок уничтожения персональных данных при достижении цели их обработки или при наступлении иных законных оснований определяется Оператором в соответствии с законодательством Российской Федерации.

10. Я согласен/согласна квалифицировать в качестве своей простой электронной подписи под настоящим Согласием и под Политикой обработки персональных данных выполнение мною следующего действия на сайте: https://journals.rcsi.science/ нажатие мною на интерфейсе с текстом: «Сайт использует сервис «Яндекс.Метрика» (который использует файлы «cookie») на элемент с текстом «Принять и продолжить».